Scavenger Pathway

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The scavenger pathway or scavenger receptor pathway is an alternative to the LDL receptor pathway during the transport of endogenous cholesterol from the liver via the lipoprotein LDL into susceptible, LDL-binding, scavenger receptor -bearing tissue cells .

function

The scavenger receptors of the scavenger pathway are involved in lipid metabolism and the innate immune response .

In healthy people, two thirds of the majority of the cholesterol-rich LDL is absorbed into the cells via LDL receptors. LDL receptors are saturable. If there is an excess of cholesterol or LDL, the amount of receptors on the cell surface is downregulated. The remaining portion is absorbed via the scavenger receptors, which are not saturable with respect to the LDL receptors and which themselves recognize oxidatively changed LDL and ensure absorption into the cells.

Significance in diseases

The scavenger receptors are located on macrophages , among other things . When the macrophages are overloaded with cholesterol, they transform into so-called foam cells , which form a typical component of arteriosclerotic plaques.

See also

literature

  • PW Buehler, B. Abraham, F. Vallelian, C. Linnemayr, CP Pereira, JF Cipollo, Y. Jia, M. Mikolajczyk, FS Boretti, G. Schoedon, AI Alayash, DJ Schaer: Haptoglobin preserves the CD163 hemoglobin scavenger pathway by shielding hemoglobin from peroxidative modification. In: Blood . 113, 2009, pp. 2578-2586, PMID 19131549 , doi: 10.1182 / blood-2008-08-174466 .
  • Akira Yamamoto: PL16 Mechanism of the production of small, dense Ldl in hypertriglyceridemia: role of cholesteryl ester transfer protein and hepatic triglyceride lipase. In: Atherosclerosis. 136, 1998, p. S28, doi: 10.1016 / S0021-9150 (97) 84521-2 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ M. Prabhudas, D. Bowdish, K. Drickamer, M. Febbraio, J. Herz, L. Kobzik, M. Krieger, J. Loike, TK Means, SK Moestrup, S. Post, T. Sawamura, S. Silverstein , XY Wang, J. El Khoury: Standardizing scavenger receptor nomenclature. In: Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md.: 1950). Volume 192, number 5, March 2014, ISSN  1550-6606 , pp. 1997-2006, doi: 10.4049 / jimmunol.1490003 , PMID 24563502 , PMC 4238968 (free full text).
  2. ↑ A. Linares, S. Perales, RJ Palomino-Morales, M. Castillo, MJ Alejandre: Nutritional control, gene regulation, and transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells in atherosclerosis. In: Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets. Volume 6, Number 3, September 2006, ISSN  1871-529X , pp. 151-168, PMID 17017900 .