Schaller (helmet)
The Schaller (also Salade, Celate, Celata, Salet, Salett ) is a late medieval type of helmet that originated in the first half of the 15th century from the so-called monkshood .
description
The streamlined shape is characteristic of the Schaller . Sometimes it has a narrow viewing slit cut directly into the front or into a visor . The Schaller was until the end of the 15th century one of the most frequently to a field harnisch worn helmets. The Schaller was a good addition to Gothic armor in particular - named after its late Gothic style elements. The lower third of the face was not protected by the Schaller, so that the knights in particular wore a separate chin guard for this helmet type, which was attached to the breastplate . the so-called beard .
Different types have evolved. The German Schaller has a wide, movable neck (pushed neck) and either half a visor or often only one viewing slit. The Burgundian sallet, which was partly made in Italy, has a comparatively shorter neck and almost always a full visor. An English type has a pointed dome. Visorless sallets were often worn by shooters. Mixed forms to other helmets can be found in the Schaller with bellows visor and the frequent transition forms to the monkshood. Similar in appearance, but constructed and used completely differently, the racing hat is part of the lancing and racing gear that can be found on armor for the tournament .
A sallet offered very good protection, but in connection with a beard restricted breathing, so that many helmet wearers did without the chin guard. From several traditions it emerges that this recklessness could lead to the death of the helmet wearer from a hit in the face. At the beginning of the 16th century, the Schaller was developed into the balaclava .
The M1916 steel helmet of the German troops in World War I has a similarity to the Schaller due to the low neck protection. The assumption that the developer was inspired by the Schaller has not been proven.
gallery
German Schaller on Dürer's Knight, Death and the Devil (1513)
Late transition form between Schaller and closed visor helmet , around 1495, Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna
Italian sallet around 1470, transitional form from barbuta
English sallet from Coventry , early 15th century ( Herbert Art Gallery and Museum )
Schaller from southern Germany around 1480–1490 (Higgins Armory Museum, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA)
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literature
- Auguste Demmin : The historical development of war weapons from the Stone Age to the invention of the needle gun. A handbook of armory. Seemann, Leipzig 1869.
- George Cameron Stone : A Glossary of the Construction, Decoration and Use of Arms and Armor in All Countries and in All Times. With an Introduction by Donald J. LaRocca. Courier Dover Publications, Mineola NY 1999, ISBN 0-486-40726-8 , pp. 536, 537.
