Schillerstrasse (Cottbus)
In the Cottbus city center, Schillerstraße ( Lower Sorbian Schillerowa droga ) extends north-south from Berliner Straße to Wilhelm-Külz-Straße. Wernerstraße runs parallel to it . Schillerstraße is located within the “Western City Expansion” monument area and is characterized by the Wilhelminian style perimeter block development; it is an attractive location for inner-city living.
history
Until 1908 Weststrasse. In 1908 the name was changed to Schillerstraße in connection with the construction of the theater on the adjacent cattle market, which was renamed Schillerplatz. In north-south direction internal access road of the western urban expansion, which connects Berliner and Wilhelm-Külz-Strasse. The first simple residential buildings were built in the northern part, accessible from Berliner Straße. These have now been replaced or have been heavily redesigned (nos. 8 and 70). By the First World War , almost all the properties were built on. The return of the building line between No. 51 and No. 61, initially by chance, was determined in 1895 as the official building line as part of the general building line planning. The corner buildings (nos. 33, 50, 62 and 63), which are particularly striking in terms of urban planning, are important for the appearance of the street, but also the diversely structured roof landscape. The historical street paving with spacious pedestrian paths is still largely preserved.
map
Schillerstrasse 21/22
Former administration building of the Wehrmacht. It was built in 1939 as an office building for a division staff. The property was originally part of the garden of the villa at Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 25. This was established in 1938 by the army base administration and as the residence of the division commander. At the same time, plans were made for furnishing the division building. The later extension to the north, which was not yet recorded in the city map of 1943, was noteworthy and continued the design of the original building. After 1945 it was the seat of the Reich Railway Directorate and the Soviet headquarters. The building has stood empty for many years since the early 1990s. At the moment there are various specialists and a pharmacy in the house. It is a two-storey building with a hipped roof on an L-shaped floor plan with an entrance porch with a loggia on the southwest corner and an extension in the courtyard. The later northern part is slightly raised and stands out from the original building on the courtyard side by other window frames. The not insignificant building volume is subdivided by the differentiation of the building structure, by wall projections and different roof heights. The only dividing element of the roughly plastered wall surfaces are the windows with a sandstone frame, divided by cross bars. The entrance is behind a porch opened by arcades. The sandstone walls of the arched openings are decorated. In some of the circular shapes, outlines in the form of the “iron cross” can still be seen. With the simple, traditional forms, the pitched roof and lattice windows, the building is a typical representative of National Socialist architecture . As an office building erected shortly before the start of the war for a division headquarters, it is closely connected to the residence of the division commander in the adjacent Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 25. As the command center of the Cottbus division during the Second World War, it is of urban historical importance.
Schillerstrasse 33
Facade of the rental apartment and commercial building . 1901/02 (BE), the builder was master mason August Patzelt, whose architecture and construction office took over the execution. At the beginning of the 1990s, the interior was gutted and the windows were renewed. The corner building with rich, originally polychrome facade decor. The beveled corner, raised by a blind gable, is flanked by two polygonal cores that sit on consoles in the form of mythical creatures. The side surfaces are subdivided by rectangular bay windows. There is a shop and entrances on the ground floor. The floors are separated from each other by cornices. Slender, upright rectangular window formats with elaborate stucco framing that varies from storey to storey, partly framed by console heads. Neo-Gothic motifs such as pointed arches, branches and foliage appear in the decor, but their stylization is influenced by Art Nouveau. Another characteristic of this style is the ambivalence of the forms, which can be read as ornament, but also as figurative motifs. Unusual not only in the choice of motifs, but also in the richness of the decor, which in parts reveals a manual modeling. In the imaginative, very individual facade design, it is an outstanding example of design previously influenced by Art Nouveau.
Schillerstrasse 42
Rental house . Erected in 1905 (BE) for the plasterer and sculptor Walter Adler, whose workshop was at 25 Schillerstraße. The construction was carried out by the construction company Hermann Pabel § Co., which often worked with Adler. Free-standing building oriented towards a perimeter block development. The facade is divided into three asymmetrically arranged axes. In the middle, the bay axis with the front end, the entrance axis on the left and the balcony axis on the right. Ground floor withplasterashlar, upper floors with rough comb plaster. Raised parapet in the central axis and concluding with a rose frieze. In contrast to the rough plastered surfaces, the smoothly plastered, multi-storey frames of the windows and the decorative fields. The ornament is determined by stylized plant and figurative motifs. There is a stylized eagle with a cartouche on the central gable. The craftsmanship can be seen in detail as an application piece. Characteristics of the early, ornamental Art Nouveau can be seen in the asymmetries of the building and in the shape of the building decorations. The interior structures from the construction period are also influenced by this style. Quality Art Nouveau architecture. Preserved down to the last detail in the state at which it was created. Also of importance as the home of the renowned plasterer and sculptor, Walter Adler, whose high-quality, often manually modeled stucco decoration can be found on many facades in Cottbus.
Schillerstrasse 46
Rental house . 1897 (BE), the first owner was the cloth manufacturer Felix Hirschmann, the execution was carried out by the master mason Paul Broeske. The plasterer Walter Adler was the author of the decorative elements billed as sculptural work. An exemplary restoration took place in 1994–96. The facade is asymmetrically subdivided by two side projections with fine ashlar scoring. Both risalites with gable ends. These are subdivided by polygonal columns with ball attachments. There are wrought-iron attachments on top of the spheres, which continue in the roof houses with tent roofs. The upright rectangular windows with a frame made of rods and foliage inserted into the wall surface. There is an inscription above the entrance portal with the words “Your own stove is worth gold”. The front garden is surrounded by a lancet fence from the construction period. Inside there is a high level of equipment with stucco ceilings and richly decorated overhangs. Late historic architecture, with the neo-Gothic architectural decoration in filigree form following current design trends. Also of importance in the interior thanks to high quality architecture with a high standard of living that was shaped by the building period.
Schillerstrasse 47
Rental house . Erected in 1897/98 (BE / i) for the architects and master masons Dümpert & Hauke, whose construction business took over the execution. The building with its front garden fencing is in the context of the perimeter block development. The facade is asymmetrically subdivided: on the left, the entrance axis has an elaborately designed portal. Trapezoidal porch in the center with a richly decorated gable end, on which are the initials of the builders and the date of construction in stucco. On the right a distinctive, multi-storey loggia with decorative parapets in stone and iron. The decor is influenced by very different styles. The keel and curtain floors as well as pinnacle and crab-like structures are based on Gothic shapes. Elements such as tooth cuts, pilasters and triangular roofs, on the other hand, can be assigned to the classical canon of forms. Current design approaches based on Art Nouveau have already been incorporated into the idiosyncratic combination and stylization of the forms. The simple interior, which was largely influenced by the construction period, is influenced by this style. The building is important as a high-quality example of the transition phase between late historicism and art nouveau. This flowing change of form, which takes place within just a few years, can be exemplified in connection with the two neighboring buildings, which were built one year earlier and three years later.
Schillerstrasse 48
Rental house . Built in 1901/02 (BE) for the architects and master masons Dümpert and Haucke, the execution was carried out by their own construction company. The building with a partially enclosed front garden is in the context of a perimeter block development. Asymmetrical facade structure. The right side is protruding and ends with a curved gable. A polygonal bay window with a side balcony in the facade. Very different window formats, all with a rounded lintel, the oval window with a curved transom in the gable field is remarkable. The ground floor with fine incised ashlar. Instead of a base cornice there is a curved plaster band that connects the basement window and the entrance under a swaying line. In the strongly stylized décor, curly ribbons and plant shapes combine to form filigree ornamental fields. These can be found as window frames, in the eaves zone and as a gable connection. The interior with stucco ceilings, tiled stoves, windows and doors are still largely from the construction period. The staircase with a spiral staircase and a polychrome terrazzo floor. In the swinging lines, in the flowing transitions between the individual components and in the shape of the decoration, it is a characteristic representative of early ornamental Art Nouveau. A high design standard that goes down to the last detail. Even window grilles with swinging panicle and leaf shapes are adapted to the overall style. The house is important as the earliest example of Art Nouveau in Cottbus. This style was already present in previous years, but it was always integrated into dominant historicist design patterns.
Schillerstrasse 50
Rental house . Built in 1895/96 (BE) on behalf of the contractor Christian Schilka, who also had the two neighboring buildings built. The execution was carried out by the architect and later city councilorEwald Schulz. Before the First World War it was used as the “Markgraf” hotel. The ground floor is still used for gastronomy today. The building is on the corner of Karl-Liebknecht-Straße and has two tower-like raised bay windows in the roof area, which were originally provided with pointed hoods. The facade is also accentuated by corner and side projections with curved gables. The ground floor with rustication. The upper floor windows connected by cornices and ribbons with curved roofs and very rich lintel decor. This is in the form of cartouches with filigree leaf decoration and heads with garland framing. The parapet and strongly profiled eaves cornice lead over to the mansard roof, here are curved gables with cartridge decoration and roof houses with zinc facing. The interior on the ground floor has been heavily changed, while the upper floors are still largely from the building period. Late historic architecture, still shaped by the substance of the construction period down to the last detail. The high-quality facade design is in an otherwise unrivaled neo-baroque opulence with elaborately crafted decor shapes. As an exposed corner building and as part of the architecture that delimits Schillerplatz, this house is of great urban significance.
Schillerstrasse 52
Rental house . Erected in 1896 (BE) for the building contractor Christian Schilka, the construction was carried out by the company of the master mason August Handrecke. The building is in the context of a perimeter block development. The tower-like front structure compensates for a flight line jump. Asymmetrically structured facade with tower porch and lateral arbor. The wall surfaces are accentuated by alternating bright plaster and red brick surfaces. The ground floor with plastering and a simple entrance. The first floor is highlighted by richer window frames. On the slate roof there is a roof house and a tower with a stepped hood. The box windows from the construction period with elaborate decorative details are remarkable. Late historic architecture that takes advantage of the special features of the building plot in its design. In the brick-and-plaster contrast, but also in the detail forms, incorporating elements for which models can be found in the Dutch Renaissance. Among the late historic plaster brick buildings in Cottbus the best quality and best preserved example.
Schillerstrasse 55
Villa-like residential building . Built in 1895 (BE) for the reindeer Heinrich Starcke, the construction was carried out by the construction company of the architect and later city councilorEwald Schulz. Two-storey building with a mansard terrace roof. The property with lancet fencing from the construction period. On the free-standing side there is a stair tower with entrance and driveway to the former coach house and stable building. The front is symmetrically integrated by a central projecting with a gable end. The plaster ashlar is on the ground floor and on the edges of the upper floor, here the windows are accentuated by segmental arch roofing, parapet and lintel decor. The roof hip has an ornamental lattice finish and building-time roof houses with spherical attachments, the tower has a roof hood. The representative interior is still largely characterized by the original substance with stucco ceilings, painted wooden ceilings and the existing doors and windows from the construction period. In the rounded window shapes, but also in the playful neo-coco décor with shell and ribbon work, there is a widespread tendency towards moving, small-scale forms in the last years of late historicism. A high-quality, well-preserved villa-like house, which with its driveway for carriages and the furnishings refers to an upscale lifestyle. Of architectural significance as representative residential building architecture, of the type of a city villa.
Schillerstrasse 57
Rental house . Erected in 1897 (BE) by order of the master baker Wilhelm Bogula, the construction was carried out by Wilhelm Bubner's construction business. Exceptionally polychrome facade with four full storeys and a final attic storey. Accented in the center by a risalit with corner blocks and balconies. The ground floor is plaster banded, this is where the driveway and entrance are. In the upper floors, separated by cornices, there is a contrast between yellowish clinker brickwork and light plaster decor. The decisive element of the facade are the arched windows on the upper floors with a plaster and molded stone frame resting on transoms or pilasters with a final dark green glazed clinker strip. The window parapets are also accentuated by plastered mirrors and flanking pedestals with ball attachments. Attic and attic storeys are subdivided by decor associations and material contrasts. Building erected in the heyday of late historicism with an unconventional, idiosyncratic facade design. The extremely rich stucco ornamentation common at that time is very restrained and does not play a role in terms of design. The synthesis of the forms also shows a design claim that differs from historical models. Design patterns of the reform architecture are already included here, but also in terms of color. There are striking parallels to the oil mill at Bonnaskenstrasse 19 that was started in the same year. The building is of architectural and urban significance as one of the most striking and high-quality architectures around 1900.
Schillerstrasse 61
Rental house . 1896 (BE), the client was the businessman Albert Blume. The construction was carried out by the building contractor Fr. Hausten. The later owner was the factory director Kallosche. Facade integrated in the perimeter block development with a loggia axis formed like a risk. Rustic ground floor with a driveway. Vertical emphasis on the upper floors by pilaster strips that span the floors and combine the window axes in pairs. In the connection of the lintel and parapet zones, the window axes set additional accents. The architectural jewelry is extraordinarily plastic. The depiction of Minerva above the loggia, goddess of the craftsman, artist and teacher, is marked by a helmet and owl. Here there are references to the inscription “Art and teaching brings favor and honor” above the windows on the first floor. The interior is still largely characterized by the original substance, with stucco ceilings, supraport decoration and the existing doors and windows. The elaborate, unusually three-dimensional decor combines conventional and individually designed motifs. The stucco was partly molded on site, the Minerva originally had glass eyes. An interesting example of a period of upheaval in which late historicism is breaking away from the historical canon of forms and looking for new creative solutions. Original in the programmatic stucco decor, which partly takes on the character of architectural sculpture in its plasticity. In terms of the design requirements behind it, the house is of architectural and artistic importance.
Schillerstrasse 63 / August-Bebel-Strasse 80
Rental houses . Built in 1909/10 for the blacksmith Robert Kieschke. The Kieschke family also acts as the client in the western expansion of the city at Wernerstraße 9 and August-Bebel-Straße 17. The buildings show a preference for Art Nouveau, sometimes in a very idiosyncratic implementation of current trends. The restoration took place in the mid-1990s, preserving numerous details. Corner and connection building in the same style as part of the perimeter block development. The corner building is approximately symmetrical with a central polygonal bay window with a roof hood and side bay windows with loggias and a crooked hip above the gable. The building adjoining to the west with an almost symmetrical structure. In the middle there are two bay windows that are connected by balconies and end with a half-hip roof. In the grouping of the windows and the color and structural differentiation of the plaster, the buildings show identical structural elements. The geometric décor, characteristic of the late Art Nouveau, is rather reserved. Numerous details such as roof attachments, balcony grilles and ornamental bands of the eaves zone are still present. The interior is also still extensively influenced by the furnishings from the construction period. One of the highest quality architectures of the late Art Nouveau in Cottbus. As a striking corner architecture that delimits Schillerplatz, the building is also of great urban significance.
literature
Irmgard Ackermann, Marcus Cante, Antje Mues: Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany, monuments in Brandenburg. Volume 2.1: City of Cottbus. Part 1: Old town, Mühleninsel, Neustadt and Ostrow, inner Spremberger suburb, “city promenade”, western expansion of the city, historic Brunschwig. Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Worms 2001, ISBN 3-88462-176-9 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ City Archives Cottbus, storage signature 522/4077
↑ Brandenburg State Office for Monument Preservation and State Archaeological Museum: List of monuments of the State of Brandenburg : City of Cottbus (PDF file; 98 kB)
Map with all coordinates: