Berliner Strasse (Cottbus)
The Berliner Straße ( Barlinska droga in Lower Sorbian ) in Cottbus leads from the Altmarkt , crossing the old town border, across Berliner Platz in a westerly direction to Ströbitz . It follows the course of the important traditional trade route in the direction of Vetschau , Lübbenau , Luckau and Berlin or Erfurt . In the Middle Ages it was part of the Lower Salt Road between the trade fair cities of Leipzig and Breslau . The street has had many names in the past. On a map from 1720 it is indicated outside the old town as the route to Ströbitz. Until 1845 this part was called Luckauer Straße and then renamed Berliner Chausseestraße. As a result of the general reform of the street names, it was called Berliner Straße from 1892/93. With the construction of the Cottbus-Schwielochsee horse-drawn railway in 1845/46 and the gasworks in 1861, the importance of this traffic route grew. By the turn of the 20th century, the street developed into an important commercial street with a complex structure. Numerous factories, commercial yards, residential and rental houses of high and simple standards as well as administrative buildings were built. In the 1920s / 30s and 1960s housing estates were built, and from 1972 prefabricated buildings.
Architectural monuments
| location | designation | description | image | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Berliner Strasse 15, 16 | Plant, consisting of the building of the "old carpet factory" by Otto Pietsch and the administration building of the "United Smyrnaer carpet factory AG" | In the 19th century, Cottbus developed not only into a center of the cloth industry, but also into an important place for carpet manufacture. In 1861 Karl-Theodor Kühn founded his carpet company on Dresdener Straße. After the factory burned down in 1872, it was rebuilt at Berliner-Chaussee-Straße 34. In 1873 Otto Pietsch took over the factory. Only the presumed residential and production building (Berliner Strasse 15) remains of the factory. The building was erected in solid construction. The rustic corner pilasters , which run just above the mansard height , underline the three-storey structure.
From the later "United Smyrnaer Teppichfabrik AG" only the administration and civil servants' residence (Berliner Straße 16) has been preserved. The two buildings on the south side of Berliner Straße are separated by a narrow passage that led to the factory courtyard. The "old carpet factory" has the gable side, the administration and civil servants' residence, on the other hand, has the eleven-axis front side facing Berliner Strasse. All other production buildings along Wernerstrasse have now been demolished. The three-storey plastered building, Berliner Straße 16, shows a facade, the structure of which is characterized by an unusually flat relief and shows a three-part division. Right and left, next to the five-axis center, characterized by a bay window with a balcony, three axes each are arranged. Only in the middle part is there a low attic, which merges into a richly decorated gable with a window. The divisions between floors in the facade are underlined by the various decorative elements. The gable is closed off by a gable roof . In 1894 this carpet factory was merged into the "United Smyrnaer-Teppich Fabriken AG". Smyrna carpets, rugs, double carpets and Tournay carpets were produced. The seat was in Berlin until 1913, then in Cottbus at Berliner Straße 15/16. After the merger, Cottbus wool also produced in this building, later it belonged to the TKC. In 1947 the "United Smyrnaer-Teppich Fabriken AG" was relocated to Hanover. The oriental carpets, namely the knotted Smyrna carpets, were named after the Turkish city of Smyrna, today Izmir. Cottbus carpets were exported all over the world, for example to the New York Ministry of Foreign Trade, and a salon train in the Orient was also equipped with carpets from Cottbus. Carpets from “Kottbus” could even be seen at the Japanese imperial court. The shine of uniqueness and the associated fame of the Prietsch company have faded over the years. When talking about Persian carpets, carpets with Turkish or Persian knots, Cottbus would hardly come to mind today. The administrative and civil servants' residential building of the "old carpet factory" was renovated in the area of the facade in accordance with the preservation of historical monuments. After extensive modernization, the building is used as living space. |
|
| 2 | Berliner Strasse 27 | Administration building of the Cottbus "Städtische Werke" | In 1913, the existing administration building of the municipal gas works, which went into operation in 1861, was renovated and expanded. At the main entrance, in 1930, polygonal wall pillars with lanterns were replaced by pairs of round pillars, otherwise the floor plan was only neglected during the renovation. The building is a three-storey, nine-axis plastered building enclosed by a hipped roof. On the ground floor there is a three-dimensional joint cut between the base and the cornice, which runs around the windows as a lintel block. The upper floors are combined by profiled pilaster strips between the window axes. Under the windows on the second floor there are parapet fields with rectangular ornamental applications. The entrance to the house is located in the central axis of the front building and is flanked by pairs of round pillars. These carry a straight suspicion. The Cottbus city arms can be seen above the lintel. The entrance axis is framed on both main floors by monumental pilasters with richly decorated capital zones and decorative ribbons. The freestanding east side and the courtyard front are structured analogously by pilaster strips and parapet fields. The back of the building is structured by a risalit staircase with portal-like framed access and a triangular gable at the end. The main staircase with artistic iron railing dates from around 1912. The administration building forms an important architectural dominant in the street scene. The building is typical of the time, combining neo-baroque and a tendency towards monumentality. |
|
| 3 | Berliner Strasse 43-50 | Residential complex | This ensemble was built in 1927 according to the plans of the city building authority under building officer Johannes Boldt and is an example of the commitment of the municipalities to non-profit housing construction, which was supposed to counteract the housing shortage of the late 1920s.
The eight three-storey houses with orderly clinker or plastered façades in a closed, late-expressionist perimeter block development are located on the south side of Berliner Strasse between Friedrich-Engels-Strasse and Waisenstrasse. The eight three-storey houses with orderly clinker or plastered façades in a closed, late-expressionist perimeter block development are located on the south side of Berliner Strasse between Friedrich-Engels-Strasse and Waisenstrasse. The portal figures on the plastered buildings (house no. 43, 46, 47, 50) come from the Cottbus sculptor Willy Felgträger and represent figures of German folk tales. These two high relief figures made of terracotta ("Ilse clinker" ceramic) flank the entrances that are suspected of being acute-angled. On the plastered buildings, the clinker facing is only on the base. Coupled lancet windows with rhombus rungs were used in the entrance axes and the lancet windows on the third floor are covered with plaster decoration (depicting a child, with a jagged ornament). The clinker buildings (house no. 44,45,48,49) are grouped in pairs under three stepped gables . The lateral axes are provided with acute-angled, suspected house entrances, above each of which there is a two-storey, acute-angled protruding and plastered bay window . The bay windows are framed by a bulging ashlar; the arched parapets are decorated with expressionistic ornament. The stepped gables here are provided with battlements and groups of three triple windows in the gable field. Almost all of the front doors with their differentiated diagonal lacing of the glass inserts and their small-scale glazed windows have been preserved from the construction period. The same goes for the staircase, apartment doors and tiled stoves with jagged decorative strips and diamond motifs. The courtyard side of Berliner Straße 43-50 was simply plastered smooth. |
|
| 4th | Berliner Strasse 54 | Facade of the apartment building | This corner building on the south side of Berliner Straße to Waisenstraße was built in 1903 on behalf of the client and architect Carl Sichler. In 1997 the facade was restored and the interior was modernized. The façade has a flat relief and is idiosyncratic based on Tudor Gothic and Northern European architecture.
There are different window shapes on the ground floor. The pointed arch portal shows a garment with a column or framework decorated with leaves and ribbons, the front door shows a shoulder-arched lintel. The ground floor and the first floor are covered with fine plaster ashlars and the windows on the upper floors are provided with varied lintel arches. A delicate wave frieze was installed in the eaves area. The two central axes on the street front are emphasized by means of angular services and curved gables . The gables are distinctive with plaster ornaments and attachments. There are axially arranged dormers between the gable and the sloping corner of the building is crowned by a final monumental gable with a pointed helmet and ornamental framework. |
|
| 5 | Berliner Strasse 58 | Workshops of the municipal tram (tram depot), consisting of the workshop or car halls as well as the administration building (building shell), the entrance gate system, enclosure wall and the courtyard including the tracks and the natural stone reinforcement | Cottbus-Mitte depot |
|
| 6th | Berliner Strasse 112 | Rental house | This plastered building with a Berlin roof and ornate facade was built in 1900 by the bricklaying and carpentry company Alfred Simon & Co on behalf of the innkeeper Franz Petter.
This house is located on the north side of Berliner Straße as the middle house of a group of buildings. This house is located on the north side of Berliner Straße as the middle house of a group of buildings. The segmented arched windows on the ground floor are set in square profile frames accompanied by round bars. Here the entrance was designed like a portal, the walls are keel-arched and adorned with bars and foliage. The top of the gable is decorated with two putti holding a city coat of arms. There are strong triangular arch roofs on the upper floor windows. The right outer corners of the building have a gable end in Renaissance shapes. Here the parapets of the arched curtain windows on the second floor are decorated with wreaths of flowers or depictions of trees or animals. The house and interior doors and the staircase have been preserved during the construction period. The facade was designed with elements from the Neo-Renaissance , Neo-Gothic and Art Nouveau details. |
|
| 7th | Berliner Strasse 128 | Residential building | This house was built in 1888/89 for the engineer and architect Wilhelm Krumrey. In 1997 the facade and the building were restored. The villa-like house on the north side of Berliner Straße has a short courtyard wing. The villa-like house on the north side of Berliner Straße has a short courtyard wing.
The facade has four axes and a risalit . The tall, rectangular windows are connected by sill cornices. The left side of the building is provided with a gable roofing with a pair of aedicular framing in the risalit. A floor-to-ceiling dwelling with a blind gable in Renaissance shapes completes the risalit. Above the right-hand side of the building there is a sweeping eaves zone with a serrated frieze. The eaves zone merges into a steep, slate-covered terrace roof with two roof houses. The front door from the construction period has a floral, filigree grille that protects the glass insert of the door. This house is a representative of a late-historical single-family house, which stands out from the surrounding development in terms of location, size and design. |
|
| 8th | Berliner Strasse 130a-d | Buildings 1 (No. 130d) and 2 (No. 130a-c) of the Packhof of the Cottbuser-Schwielochsee horse-drawn railway | The two sheds were built in 1853 on the north side of what was then Berliner – Chaussee – Straße, in the courtyard of the property.
Storage building 1 (130 d) is oriented to the east-west and limits the area to the north. This three-storey plastered building with a basement has a three to seven-axis structure under a gable roof. The window axes are framed by flat blind arcades from facade-high arches. The ground floor is only lit through its entrances, the top storage level is equipped with twin windows. On the south side of this shed there is a low porch with access to the large storage cellar, on the ceiling of which there is a domed vault between longitudinal and transverse belts. The ground floor storage floor has strong outer walls. The outer walls above are only half a stone deep. The load on the storage floors is transferred via the rows of wooden supports running lengthways in the middle of the halls. Storage building 2 (130a-c) is located north-south on the north side of the site. The original structure through blind arches is still visible on the eastern facade of this high, single-storey plastered building. On the side of the gable facing Berliner Straße there are two high, later added door openings (added today) and the eastern side of the gable has two blind arches. Inside the building, the ceiling beams are supported by a longitudinal row of studs and a staircase in the middle of the building leads to the attic. There is also a truss partition wall here. These buildings mark the beginning of the prosperity of the city of Cottbus in the 19th century. |
|
| 9 | Berliner Strasse 131 | Rental house | The apartment building at Berliner Straße 131 was built in 1911 on behalf of the electrical engineer Bruno Pohl.
This is a design that is called "style around 1800" or "home style" (rustic variant). At the beginning of the 19th century, various architectural elements of the country house architecture were transferred to the rental house architecture. The building at Berliner Strasse 131 is one such representative. In 2000 a renovation and restoration was carried out. The bat dormers were replaced by drag dormers . The street view of the building is characterized by a symmetrical distribution of the building mass towards the center. There is a wide central bay and loggias and balcony axes that are stepped back on the sides. Berliner Straße 131 also has a gable almost the width of the building . On the ground floor, the bay window is apparently supported by columns and the oval vestibule has tile images in the form of putti representations. The middle floors are creatively combined by flat colossal pilasters and their windows with connecting figural relief images. In addition, wall templates spanning multiple floors encompass the window axes. The upper floor is set off with the help of a roof apron or curved balconies. The filigree relief decoration is concentrated on the pilasters , parapets and roofs. In the top of the gable there is a curved gable with an oval window and an oval decorative field. This includes a representation of an eagle with lightning in its talons. It is probably a reference to Zeus and the occupation of the house owner. Inside there is a staircase that is led around a U-shaped stairwell. This is done in the style of the building period under a skylight. The basic layout of the residential building blends in harmoniously with the closed row of houses, but its creative architectural language sets it apart from the rest of the buildings. This was achieved through the painterly moving facade design, by means of exciting plasticity and with classicist and art nouveau architectural decorations. Furthermore, individual decorative elements such. B. the relief images, characterized by quality craftsmanship. The representativeness of the building is increased by the unusual design of the entrance situation in the form of an oval pillared vestibule and the curved lines of the balconies and the imposing gable. |
|
| 10 | Berliner Strasse 134 | Rental house | The building at Berliner Straße 134 is a rental apartment building and was built in 1909/10. The execution was realized by the construction company Heinrich Schenker. The corner building has a high mansard roof , which is accentuated by risalit and bay windows . Furthermore, an accent was set by means of a broken and curved gable that rises up to the roof . On the ground floor on the south side of the building there is a central projectile with arched niches. The recessed entrance is in the middle niche. On the east side in the direction of Lessingstrasse the curved gable overlaps the balcony of the two-storey bay window. The gable cornice over the four right outer axes is continued as an eaves cornice and the mansard area was designed as a fourth floor. Facade decors in the form of frieze panels and ribbons are attached to the lintel and parapet zones as well as the bay windows of the east facade. The gables are also strikingly decorated with architectural decorations. The varying windows located above the fighting zone have bars, as does the front door. On the courtyard side there is a stair tower with balconies around it.
Inside, next to the stairs under the skylight, there is a wealth of equipment details. In addition to the stucco ceiling, there are decorations with the influence of Art Nouveau on the porch and the apartment doors. Furthermore, six room-high, richly designed ovens on the first floor have been preserved to this day. The apartment building has both a historical and architectural significance. Despite the neo-baroque style, the architectural concept shows the influence of so-called reform architecture, which, in contrast to historicism, aims to simplify the forms and decor. Furthermore, the house has an urban development effect due to its exposed corner location in the area of a street bend. |
|
| 11 | Berliner Strasse 135/136 | Residential building with side wing and hall extensions | Master bricklayer Carl Leberecht Schade was the first owner of the residential building with side wing and converted commercial yard around 1880. The property was already in his possession in 1876/77. From 1911 it belonged to the Evangelical Community Association EK, which has been active in Cottbus since 1901. Halls were added to the east and north side of the house by the community association. In 1914 the construction of the communal hall was finished. 1993 was u. a. a conversion and a partial increase in the building was carried out. Furthermore, an "angle-compass-plumb line" relief in the gable was dismantled.
The residential building with its extensions is located far behind the building line and is designed as a nested complex on the north side of Berliner Straße. It consists of two to three floors with a brick-faced facade. A flat roof covers the building complex. The facade is enlivened by sill and eaves cornices, a tooth cut frieze and a lintel arch and profile strips on the windows. The higher, partly tower-like parts of the building are accentuated by glare gables that cut into the eaves . The three-storey, elongated residential building with arbor has elaborately designed parapets, pilasters and toothed arches on the narrow street facade . Above the arbor, the door and window canopies are placed in a framework of wall templates. Around 1900, a two-and-a-half-storey staircase was built on the east side of the house with an entrance portal that has a triangular roof. The front door was built during the construction period. The two-storey hall building adjoining to the east has a simple exterior design. Inside, the halls are decorated with Ionic pilasters that support an entablature. The hall on the ground floor has a stucco ceiling (central circle-cross motif) and runs to the north like a stage. An extension has been added to the north, which has a round arch opening and a stage. A side wing adjoins it in the west. This was built back and is accessible via a separate entrance. Various equipment details such as staircases, apartment doors with glazing and the cross-circle motif (formed by their bars), as well as coffered doors with ornate roofing have been preserved from the various construction phases. The town-planning importance of the house is brought about by the owner Carl Leberecht Schade and the religious life in Cottbus. The building complex is of architectural significance due to its restrained architectural design, which is intensely reminiscent of factory buildings. The residential building, on the other hand, clearly stands out due to its architectural decorations. The interior of the halls was fitted out according to their use and the appearance and construction materials were adapted to the existing buildings. |
|
| 12 | Berliner Strasse 143 | Rental house with shops and courtyard buildings | The rental apartment building with commercial buildings was built in 1895 at Berliner Straße 143 on behalf of the butcher Hermann Klasche. The construction was carried out by the company of the building contractor, architect and later city councilor Ewald Schulz . The structure was erected in a closed row of buildings and has a Berlin roof . Furthermore, the house has a seven-axis plaster facade, which is characterized by a strong plastic decor. The ground floor is covered by a profiled banding and has coarsely studded stones with smooth stripes protruding far out. The three-part house entrance gate with its wicket door , the shop windows and doors of the two shops were built during the construction period. The bel étage is highlighted here on the first floor by a flatter banding and aedicular framing of the central and side axis windows . There is also a decorated frieze zone and a gable cornice that connects the aedicules across the entire width of the facade. Another decorative element are frieze panels on the parapet fields and cartridges in roller units. The middle window is flanked by pedestals with vases.
The curved gable in the Renaissance style dominate the facade. In the interior of a sales room, three walls are tiled, presumably by the company Villeroy & Boch, Dresden plant. The tiles from historicism, provided with naturalistic or stylized floral and geometrical motifs, are combined to form friezes or larger fields. They structure the walls and create a closed room setting by means of their varying sizes, strong colors and their framing of black or brown ribbons. The courtyard is enclosed by the brick-faced commercial buildings of the butcher's shop. These are designed on one or two floors. The building complex is one of the few examples of a typical medium-sized craft business at the time. The spatial unity of apartment, shop and workshop is characteristic. Particularly in the foreground was the upscale equipment of the sales rooms. This satisfied the hygienic requirements and cleanliness that should prevail in a grocery store and at the same time it was the figurehead for the butcher shop Klaschke. The architectural significance of the house is highlighted by the originality of the tile design and the well-preserved, richly decorated neo-renaissance facade. |
|
Map with all coordinates: literature
- Gerhard Vinken et al. (Edit.): Handbuch der deutschen Kunstdenkmäler , Brandenburg. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-422-03054-9 .
- Irmgard Ackermann, Marcus Cante, Antje Mues: Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany, monuments in Brandenburg. Volume 2.1: City of Cottbus. Part 1: Old town, Mühleninsel, Neustadt and Ostrow, inner Spremberger suburb, “ city promenade ”, western expansion of the city, historic Brunschwig. Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Worms 2001, ISBN 3-88462-176-9 .
- Antje Mues: Cottbus. Architecture and urban development 1871 to 1918. Westkreuz-Verlag, Berlin / Bonn 2007, ISBN 978-3-929592-99-3 .
- Ingrid Halbach, Karl-Heinz Müller, Steffen Delang, Gerold Glatte, Peter Biernath: Architectural Guide Cottbus. Walks through the city and surroundings. Verlag für Bauwesen, Berlin / Munich 1993, ISBN 3-345-00506-9 .
