Ströbitz (Cottbus)

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City of Cottbus
Coordinates: 51 ° 45 ′ 32 "  N , 14 ° 17 ′ 59"  E
Height : 68.5 m
Area : 11.7 km²
Residents : 15,599  (Apr 30, 2020)
Population density : 1,333 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : July 1, 1950
Postal code : 03046
Area code : 0355
map
Location of Ströbitz in Cottbus
Ströbitzer Hauptstrasse in the old village center.
Ströbitzer Hauptstrasse in the old village center.

Ströbitz , in Lower Sorbian Strobice , is a district of the independent city of Cottbus in Brandenburg (Germany). Until it was incorporated into Cottbus in 1950, Ströbitz was an independent municipality.

location

The Ströbitz district is located in the western part of the urban area of ​​Cottbus. In the west it borders on the Kolkwitz and Zahsow districts of Kolkwitz in the Spree-Neiße district , in the north on the Cottbus districts of Sielow and Schmellwitz, in the east on Cottbus-Mitte, in the south on the districts Spremberger Vorstadt and Sachsendorf. With a little over 15,000 inhabitants, Ströbitz is one of the larger districts of the city.

The ice age formed the surface of Niederlausitz. Ströbitz is located on the western edge of a flat mountain ridge.

history

The first written mention of Ströbitz comes from the year 1445. The meaning of the Lower Sorbian name of Ströbitz has not been finally clarified. The linguist and Slavist Reinhard E. Fischer leads the name Strowitz or Strobitz back to the place where people of a man named Strob lived. According to the historical local dictionary, the original village form was a square or street village. According to Heinrich, however, Ströbitz is said to have been a Rundlingsdorf. The depiction of the old town center in Urmes table sheet no. 4251 Cottbus West from 1846 actually shows a sack-like development to the west as a continuation of today's Wilhelm-Nevoigt-Straße, so that Jürgen Heinrich's assumption applies here. The development along the Ströbitzer Hauptstrasse and thus the street village is more recent.

First settlement

As early as 5000 BC, groups of hunters were moving through the area, as evidenced by the finds of worked flint stones. A first permanent settlement took place no later than 1000 BC ( Billendorfer culture ). In 2007, excavations on the former tram depot again revealed pot fragments from the time of the Billendorfer culture. This was followed by Germanic tribes and in the 7th century Slavic tribes .

Slavic settlement

The original Rundling settlement in the area of ​​Nevoigtplatz consisted of at least 10 houses. All gables faced the center of the village. This arrangement can still be seen today. The access was probably in the east, roughly along Ernst-Barlach-Strasse / Wilhelm-Nevoigt-Strasse. Rundling, however, is no longer considered an originally Slavic form of settlement, but rather as an early planned settlement in Slavic areas under German rule.

Beginning of the German settlement

The Ostmark with the Lausitz was created by conquering campaigns under Otto I. German farmers settled in this area from around 1200. It was a peaceful process in which the Wendish villages persisted. The Wendish population in the villages of the Cottbus area was mostly only penetrated to a small extent by German immigrants. Ströbitz remained almost exclusively Wendish-speaking until the middle of the 19th century (586 of 637 inhabitants were Wendish-speaking = 92%).

The Mark Lausitz (= later Niederlausitz) was owned by the Wettins until the beginning of the 14th century . During this time the small dominion of Cottbus developed within the Lausitz region, to which Ströbitz also belonged. It was divided in half in the first half of the 15th century. In 1445 one half of the Cottbus rulership, which belonged to Reinhard von Cottbus, fell to the Brandenburg Margrave Friedrich II. In 1455, after the death of Luther von Cottbus, the other half also fell. At that time, Ströbitz belonged to half of Reinhard von Cottbus.

Medieval and early modern history

The Brandenburg Margrave Friedrich II decreed on June 7, 1452: We lend Fr. L. separated Heinrich and Caspar brothers and Hannusen irem cousins ​​ir brother son dy Wilschkowitz called and their heirs property and interest in the village of Smelwitz (Schmellwitz), to Strowitz (Ströbitz) on the right man's loan and sampter hant. give to Cottbus on Wednesday after Trinity ad etc. L secundo.

In 1462 Frederick II gave Apacz Molbach the attack on the court in Groß Döbbern , the village of Lindchen and interest on money in Ströbitz. At this point in time the property was still held by Hans Ratkow's widow as a personal property; Hans Ratkow can therefore be assumed as the previous owner.

In 1466 Friedrich II confirmed the Siegmund von (dem) Berge goods and interest to Schmellwitz, Ströbitz, Krieschow , Striesow , Dissen , Groß Gaglow , Klein Gaglow , a Cottbuser Vorwerk that he had bought half from Christoph von Loeben and a free farm in Cottbus as personal belongings for his wife Anna, the daughter of Franz Zinnenberg sel. As Knechtlehen.

In 1486 the Brandenburg Elector Johann Cicero awarded the daughters of Siegmund von dem Berge to his estates in Ströbitz, Krieschow, Dissen, Groß Gaglow, Klein Gaglow, the fees of a gardener to Brunschwig , a fee of two chickens to Schadow , the farm in front of the city of Cottbus with the meadows, a free farm in the city of Cottbus and six bushels of grain in interest from a hoof, which was on Sylischen Strasse (road to Sielow), to a farmhand.

In 1552, after the death of Melchior von Muschwitz zu Sielow , the Brandenburg Elector Johann von Küstrin enfeoffed his brothers Johann, Bernhard and Heinrich von Muschwitz to the entire hand a. a. with a number of taxes and levies in the villages of Ströbitz, Klein Lieskow , Schmellwitz and Dissen. Heinrich von Muschwitz bought these goods from Johann Borschwitz zu Gulben.

In 1635 Ströbitz had 40 farmer's hooves (but the number of farmers is not mentioned) and 15 gardeners, four farmer's hooves were desolate. The destruction and population losses of the Thirty Years War were comparatively low in Ströbitz. In 1652 Ströbitz was (mostly) the combing village of the city of Cottbus and was almost completely occupied again. Three hoofers with one hoof each and a two hoof farmer were subjects of the Cottbus office . 43 hosts are named, and almost all of them were born in Ströbitz. There were a total of eight two-hoofed estates, one of which was desolate, but was ordered by the city council and the local gardeners. Furthermore, three farmers (including Schulze) each had 1½ hooves and 17 farmers each had one hoof. Of the total of ten gardeners, five gardeners had fields of ½ hooves, five gardeners had no fields. There were eight Büdner posts in total, three Büdner posts were desolate. But the community swineherd was sitting on a desert spot in Büdner. In total, the place had 40 hooves, five hooves interest to the Cottbus office 35 hooves to the combing of the city of Cottbus. So only three positions were vacant.

In 1718/19 there were still 40 hooves, 35 of which were farm hooves that were cultivated by 30 farmers and 4 2/3 hooves that were worked by Kossaten. There were a total of 14 farmers or gardeners and eight Büdner in the village. At that time, the Cottbus office consisted of five farmers with one hoof each and one gardener with half a hoof. At that time the soil of the community was tilled in Doubtderwirtschaft and sown annually.

In 1725 there was a major fire in Ströbitz, in which numerous farms burned down. In 1785 another 10 farmsteads burned down.

In 1772/74 the brick barn near Ströbitz had to be repaired and renewed. So it must have been set up well in advance. In the Schmettauschen map series, the term Ziegeley appears directly under the place name. The brickworks were probably in the immediate vicinity of the village. In 1779 and 1781 the residents of Ströbitz protested against the relocation of the combing brickwork to the field mark of their village. In the Schmettauschen map series from 1767/87, the Alte Stadziegeley is recorded east of the town center. The Ströbitzer also had problems with the combing in 1783 because of the peat digging arranged by the magistrate on the meadows on the Prior-Fließ they used as pasture.

On January 3, 1796, there was another fire in Ströbitz. A total of 58 houses burned down. The community asked for a reduction in grain taxes to be paid to the combing department.

In 1802 the first school building was built. A teacher taught at the school. The school was only run by the community.

In 1806, 23 whole farmers, 20 semi-cottages, 5 cottagers and 12 Büdner lived in Ströbitz. In addition, a brick factory belonged to the place. The 64 houses counted in the village had 328 residents. Bratring also notes good peat storage . It cannot be inferred from this whether they were used. The dues of the villagers went to the combing in Cottbus and the Cottbus office. He gives a total of 64 hooves. It is unclear where the brick factory was. On the Urmes table sheet Cottbus West from 1846 no brickworks are shown (anymore).

In 1816, Ströbitz was hit again by a major fire. In 1818 there were already 32 houses in Ströbitz. In 1819 nine farmers and one Kossät belonged to the Cottbus office. In 1840 there were already 106 houses.

Small Ströbitz / Strobick residential area south of the railway line.

In 1852 a spinning factory was built on the Prior river north of the stone pond. The original table sheet from 1846 lists the booths v. Stroebitz . In 1864 there were already 122 houses; the population rose 755. The topographical-statistical handbook of the government district of Frankfurt a. O. from 1867 describes Ströbitz as a village with 5 developed farmsteads and 28 such. In Neu-Ströbitz, 1 spinning factory to the city of Cottbus. The Klein Ströbitz residential area was also called Neu Ströbitz at first. Since the construction of the Berlin - Görlitz railway line in 1866/1867 and in the course of industrialization, the village of Ströbitz took on suburban trains. The track area of ​​the Cottbus train station extended to the Ströbitzer district.

Around 1900 the area had a size of 831 hectares. In 1934 the Cottbus gold discovery was made in the Ströbitz area. The independent history of Ströbitz ends with the incorporation of Ströbitz into the city of Cottbus in 1950.

Population development

Population development in Ströbitz from 1783 to 2002
year 1783 1798 1818 1846 1864 1875 1890 1900 1910 1925 1939 1946
Residents 336 328 383 630 755 939 1,885 2,463 4,451 4,758 4,773 5,306

Ströbitz today

The Ströbitzer Citizens' Association was founded in 1992. The Wendish traditional dance group also presented itself internationally. The sports club Wacker 09 Ströbitz looks back on a hundred years of tradition. The lively club life is also reflected in annual festivals (e.g. harvest festival).

traffic

Ströbitz is served by the tram line 3 of Cottbusverkehr GmbH.

Communal history

In the 18th century, Ströbitz belonged to the Cottbus district of the Neumark of the Mark Brandenburg . After the defeat of the Prussian troops in 1806 against the Napoleonic troops and the Peace of Tilsit , Prussia had to cede the Cottbus District to the Kingdom of Saxony in 1807. In 1813 the Cottbus district was reoccupied by Prussia and in September 1813 the Prussian administrative structures were reintroduced. The Cottbus Circle, together with the rest of Lower Lusatia in Saxony, only came back to Prussia after the Congress of Vienna in May 1815, subject to international law . In the district reform of 1816, Ströbitz remained in the Cottbus district . Even after a first district reform in 1950 in the GDR , Stöbritz remained in the Cottbus district and was incorporated into the city of Cottbus. In 1954 the city of Cottbus was detached from the Cottbus district as a new urban district; the rest of the district was then renamed the Cottbus-Land district .

Church history

In 1806 and 1864 the Protestant residents were parish in the abbey church in Cottbus.

Monuments and landmarks

The list of monuments of the state of Brandenburg for the city of Cottbus lists three architectural monuments for Ströbitz:

  • No. 09100235 Ströbitzer Schulstrasse 42: Community school with gymnasium and enclosure
  • No. 09100293 Vetschauer Platz 6: Ströbitz fire station
  • No. 09100155 Wilhelm-Nevoigt-Platz: Memorial to the victims of the First World War, on the former Ströbitzer Anger

Personalities

literature

  • Jürgen Heinrich (Ed.): Stories from Ströbitz . Cottbuser Bücher Volume 07. CGA Verlag, Cottbus, 1996 (in the following abbreviated Heinrich, stories with corresponding page number).
  • H. Kublick: History of the former combing village Ströbitz. Cottbus / Ströbitz 1938.
  • Rudolf Lehmann  : Sources on the history of Niederlausitz. I. part. Böhlau Verlag, Köln & Wien, 1972, ISBN 3-412-90972-6 (hereinafter abbreviated to Lehmann, sources with corresponding page number)
  • Rudolf Lehmann: Historical local lexicon for Niederlausitz. Volume 2 The districts of Cottbus, Spremberg, Guben and Sorau. Hessisches Landesamt für Geschichtliche Landeskunde, Marburg, 1979 ISBN 3-921254-96-5 (hereinafter abbreviated Lehmann, Historisches Ortslexikon Niederlausitz, 2 with corresponding page number)
  • Helga Nattke: New pictures from Ströbitz. Part II. Cottbus books. CGA-Verlag, Cottbus 2007 ISBN 978-3-937503-15-8 (hereinafter abbreviated to Nattke Neue Bilder with corresponding page number)
  • F. Schmidt: The Ströbitz fire of 1816 and its consequences. District calendar Cottbus, 1929: 52–59, Cottbus 1928.

Individual evidence

  1. a b residents by districts. In: cottbus.de. City administration Cottbus - Citizen Service Department, April 30, 2020, accessed on June 12, 2020 .
  2. Reinhard E. Fischer: The place names of the states of Brandenburg and Berlin , Volume 13 of the Brandenburg Historical Studies on behalf of the Brandenburg Historical Commission, be.bra Wissenschaft verlag, Berlin-Brandenburg 2005 ISBN 3-937233-30-X , ISSN  1860-2436 . P. 166.
  3. a b c d Lehmann, Historisches Ortslexikon, Niederlausitz, Vol. 2, p. 106/07.
  4. ^ Heinrich, Stories, p. 6.
  5. Nattke, Neue Bilder, p. 6f.
  6. ^ Wolfgang Jürries (ed.): Rundlinge and Slavs, contributions to Rundlingsforschung . Lüchow, 2004, ISBN 3-9806364-0-2
  7. Lehmann, Quellen, p. 231.
  8. ^ Lehmann, Quellen, p. 257.
  9. ^ Lehmann, Quellen, p. 267.
  10. ^ Adolph Friedrich Johann Riedel: Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis B. Second main part or collection of documents for the history of foreign affairs, 4th volume. 500 p., Berlin, FH Morin 1847 Online at Google Books (certificate no. 2388, p. 189/90, with the wrong year 1502)
  11. ^ Adolph Friedrich Johann Riedel : Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis B. Second main part or collection of documents for the history of foreign affairs, 5th volume. 500 S., Berlin, FH Morin 1848 Online at Google Books (Certificate No. 2132, S. 424/25)
  12. Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv - online research: Johann, Margrave of Brandenburg-Küstrin, enfeoffed his brothers, Johann, Bernhard and Heinrich von Muschwitz, after the death of Melchior von Muschwitz zu Sielow, with the following goods: the village of Sielow with farms and sheep farms , the church fiefdom, the higher and lower jurisdiction and all accessories; the fourth part in the village of Babow including higher and lower jurisdiction and all accessories; in the villages of Ströbitz, Klein Lieskow, Schmellwitz and Dissen with a number of taxes and levies; a house and farm in Cottbus with all freedoms and rights as well as a farmer in the village of Sielow. Heinrich von Muschwitz bought the aforementioned goods from Johann Borschwitz zu Gulben, who ceded them to him before Heinrich von Pack, sovereign captain of Cottbus and Peitz. 1552 March 5
  13. ^ Gerhard Krüger: The Lordship of Cottbus and its population after the Thirty Years' War. 94 p., Albert Heine, Cottbus 1936, p. 31/32.
  14. ^ Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv - Online research: Investigation of the damage suffered by the burned-down subjects in Ströbitz and approval of support. 1725-1728
  15. ^ Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv - Online research: Investigation of the damage suffered by the burned-down subjects in Ströbitz and approval of support. 1725-1728
  16. ^ Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv - Online research: Repairs to brick barn and oven in the combing village of Ströbitz. Inside: Contains, among other things: Architectural drawing of a brickworker's house. 1772-1774
  17. Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv - Online research: Complaint by the municipality of the combing village Ströbitz about the relocation of the combing brickwork to Cottbus to its territory. 1779-1781
  18. Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv - Online research: Complaint from the Ströbitz municipality about the relocation of the brick barn, which used to be on Kolkwitz land, to the territory of Ströbitz with disadvantages for the use of the arable land by the leaseholder, Cottbus Lord Mayor Köhler. 1781
  19. ^ Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv - Online research: Peat digging in the Cottbus office. Contains among other things: Complaint by subjects of the Cottbus combing village of Ströbitz about the peat digging on the prior, which they used as a guardian, 1783.
  20. Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv - Online research: Complaints and requests from the municipality of Ströbitz, especially about a reduction or waiver of grain taxes to be paid to the Cottbus treasury because of a fire in the village in 1796.
  21. Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv - online research: Fire in the village of Ströbitz on January 3, 1796, reconstruction of the burned down residential and farm buildings of the 58 innkeepers who had died and regulation of their taxes and grants. 1796-1806.
  22. ^ A b Heinrich Karl Wilhelm Berghaus: Land book of the Mark Brandenburg and the Markgrafthum Nieder-Lausitz in the middle of the 19th century; or geographical-historical-statistical description of the Province of Brandenburg, at the instigation of the State Minister and Upper President Flottwell. Third volume. XCV S. + 783 S., printed and published by Adolph Müller, Brandenburg, 1856. Online at Google Books , pp. 583, 588,
  23. ^ A b Friedrich Wilhelm August Bratring: Statistical-topographical description of the entire Mark Brandenburg. Third and last volume. Containing the Neumark Brandenburg. VIII, 390 pp., Berlin, Maurer, 1809 Online at Google Books , p. 355
  24. ^ F. Schmidt: The fire of Ströbitz of 1816 and its consequences. District calendar Cottbus, 1929: 52–57, Cottbus 1929.
  25. Topographical-statistical overview of the administrative district of Frankfurth ad O. 388 p., G. Hayn, Berlin, 1820, p. 61.
  26. Topographical-statistical overview of the government district of Frankfurt ad O. 270 S., Frankfurt a. O., Gustav Harnecker's Buchhandlung, 1844 Online at Google Books , p. 45.
  27. Topographical-statistical manual of the government district of Frankfurt a. O. 346 S., published by Gustav Harnecker u. Co., Frankfurt a. Cit., 1867 Online at Google Books , p. 48.
  28. Nattke, new pictures, S. 9f.
  29. Contribution to the statistics of the State Office for Data Processing and Statistics. Historical municipality register of the State of Brandenburg 1875 to 2005 19.1 Brandenburg an der Havel Potsdam Frankfurt (Oder) Cottbus PDF
  30. Christian Carl Gulde: Historical-geographical-statistical description of the rule Cottbus. In: Lausitzisches Magazin or collection of various papers and news. Volume 20, No. 3, pp. 33-36, No. 4: pp. 49-52, 69-71, 99-102, 133-137, Görlitz 1787, here p. 34.
  31. ^ Wilhelm Riehl, J. Scheu: Berlin and the Mark Brandenburg with the Markgrafthum Nieder-Lausitz in their history and in their present existence. Scheu, Berlin 1861, online at Google Books , p. 621.
  32. ^ Heinrich, Stories, p. 136.
  33. List of monuments of the State of Brandenburg: City of Cottbus (PDF) Brandenburg State Office for Monument Preservation and State Archaeological Museum

Web links

Commons : Ströbitz / Strobice  - collection of images, videos and audio files