Schmellwitz

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City of Cottbus
Coordinates: 51 ° 46 ′ 50 ″  N , 14 ° 20 ′ 1 ″  E
Height : 68 m above sea level NHN
Area : 8.1 km²
Residents : 14,034  (Apr 30, 2020)
Population density : 1,733 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : July 1, 1950
Postal code : 03044
Area code : 0355
map
Location of Schmellwitz in Cottbus
Zinzendorf Church Schmellwitz

Schmellwitz , Chmjelow in Lower Sorbian , is a district of the independent city of Cottbus in Brandenburg . Schmellwitz is divided into the parts Alt-Schmellwitz and Neu-Schmellwitz.

location

Schmellwitz is located in the center of the city of Cottbus in Niederlausitz . Neighboring districts are Skadow in the north, Saspow in the east, Sandow in the southeast, Mitte in the south, Ströbitz in the west and Sielow in the northwest.

The Cottbuser Nordring, which connects the district to Bundesstraße 169 in the east, and Landesstraße 511 to Dissen run through Schmellwitz . The Spree flows to the east of Schmellwitz .

Alt-Schmellwitz is served by the Cottbusverkehr GmbH tram line 1 , Neu-Schmellwitz by the tram line 4.

history

Alt-Schmellwitz

Alt-Schmellwitz was first mentioned on June 28, 1414, when Johann von Cottbus sold the village to a certain Balthasar Wiltschkewitz. However, the place name "Smeluitz" has already been proven for the year 1385 through recent research. The place name comes from the Old Sorbian word "Chemlovica" and means "place where hops grow or are grown".

In terms of the type of settlement, Alt-Schmellwitz is an anger village , with the main street enclosing an empty square, as Alt-Schmellwitz has no church. Until 1537 the place was owned by the Cottbus Franciscan monastery , when it was expropriated by the state. Little changed in the population and social structure over the centuries. In 1809 there were five farmers , 19 half-farmers, nine kossäts , one Büdner and three residents living in Alt-Schmellwitz .

In 1818 there were 164 people in Alt-Schmellwitz, of whom about 90% were Sorbs . In 1884 Arnošt Muka counted 309 inhabitants for his statistics on the Sorbian population in Lusatia, all of whom were Sorbs without exception. In 1903 Alt-Schmellwitz got its own school with four classrooms. The 17th Polytechnic High School was located in this school building during the GDR era . Due to the high influx of workers, the population increased from 704 to 2,204 between 1900 and 1939. In 1930 only 5% of the population were active in agriculture , the majority worked in skilled trades. In Alt-Schmellwitz, for example, there were bakers , butchers , carpenters and plumbers .

In 1908 Alt-Schmellwitz applied to be incorporated into Cottbus , but this was rejected. In 1927 Alt-Schmellwitz was connected to the tram . In 1936 Schmellwitz got its own church.

Neu-Schmellwitz

Prefabricated building in Hutungstrasse
Dismantling between 2005 and 2017 in Cottbus-Schmellwitz (marked in red)

Neu-Schmellwitz is the youngest district of Cottbus. It was built from 1983 in prefabricated construction. The first houses on Gotthold-Schwela- Strasse were ready for occupancy from 1984. By jobs in the coal industry and in the nearby textile - Combine the population rose sharply. Due to the predominantly young newcomers, Neu-Schmellwitz had a very high birth rate . Neu-Schmellwitz should be able to accommodate around 20,000 residents by 2020.

On January 14, 1975 , a MiG-21 of the Air Force of the National People's Army crashed into a residential building in Schmellwitz. 7 people died in the accident. After the fall of the Wall , many unprofitable businesses were shut down and jobs were lost. As a result, the population decreased rapidly. Many young people were drawn to study and, due to better professional opportunities, to western German metropolitan areas or to Berlin. Many buildings were demolished due to the high vacancy rates . Between 2013 and 2017 a good third of the existing prefabricated buildings disappeared until the city of Cottbus stopped the demolition of the houses, which were on average 30 years old. The reason was the increased need for living space by the refugees, who have also been admitted to Cottbus since 2016. At the same time, broad-based funding programs were launched to make the Schmellwitz district more attractive again.

After Sandow and the Spremberger suburb, Schmellwitz is the third most populous district in Cottbus and also the one with the most children .

Administrative affiliation

After the agreements of the Congress of Vienna , Alt-Schmellwitz came to the Kingdom of Prussia as part of Niederlausitz . There the place was in the district of Cottbus . On July 1, 1950, Alt-Schmellwitz was incorporated into the city of Cottbus .

Population development

Population development in Schmellwitz from 1875 to 1946
year Residents year Residents year Residents year Residents year Residents year Residents year Residents
1875 294 1890 412 1910 1173 1925 1329 1933 1779 1939 2204 1946 2263

Web links

Commons : Schmellwitz / Chmjelow  - collection of images, videos and audio files

proof

  1. ↑ residents by district. In: cottbus.de. City administration Cottbus - Citizen Service Department, April 30, 2020, accessed on June 12, 2020 .
  2. ↑ a b History of Alt-Schmellwitz. In: bv-schmellwitz.de. Retrieved August 24, 2017 .
  3. ↑ Reinhard E. Fischer : The place names of the states of Brandenburg and Berlin: age - origin - meaning . be.bra Wissenschaft, 2005, p. 152 .
  4. ↑ Ernst Tschernik : The development of the Sorbian population . Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1954.
  5. ^ History of Neu-Schmellwitz. In: bv-schmellwitz.de. Retrieved August 24, 2017 .
  6. ^ Schmellwitz in the historical index of places. Retrieved August 24, 2017 .
  7. ^ Historical municipality register of the state of Brandenburg 1875 to 2005. (PDF; 331 KB) Brandenburg an der Havel, Cottbus, Frankfurt (Oder), Potsdam. State Office for Data Processing and Statistics State of Brandenburg, December 2006, accessed on August 24, 2017 .