Coal economy
The coal industry , including coal industry called (veraltend also coal s economic / -industrie), which is industry - / industry that deals with the extraction and processing of coal is concerned.
history
The coal industry took its rise with the industrialization from the 19th century , as coal as fuel , the main source of energy for the firing of boilers and thus to power steam engines represented, in turn, steam locomotives and - ships and all types of production machines in factories and Driving generators in power plants . With wood , the previously dominant fuel, one was to cover not able to the growing energy needs of industry, trade and transportation. Furthermore, coal, or the coke produced from it , is an important raw material for the smelting of iron ore into steel and thus the most important technical material .
The coal economy reached the height of its importance in the industrial nations in the early 20th century. From the middle of the 20th century, coal was increasingly replaced by oil and gas in many applications . Today, the majority of coal in industrialized nations is converted into electricity in coal-fired power plants .
Sub-branches
Extraction, here in the open pit
Transport, here by push convoy
Refinement, here Schwelgern coking plant
Use, here coal mills in the Altbach / Deizisau thermal power station
The coal industry encompasses all phases of the coal processing chain from extraction to use:
- Extraction: Hard coal and lignite mining ( NACE B05)
- in the case of hard coal mostly underground
- with lignite mostly in open pit mining
- transport
- by ship ( bulk carrier ): long-haul intercontinental and medium-haul national (part of NACE H50)
- by rail ( coal railway ): medium-haul national and international routes (part of NACE H49.2)
- by road ( truck ): short journeys, rare (part of NACE H49.4)
- by conveyor belt system : short distance
- Coal Refinement (NACE C19)
- Use:
- Material use as a raw material for production processes (especially in coal chemistry ) (part of NACE C20 / 21/22)
- Energetic use as fuel , especially electricity generation in coal-fired power plants (part of NACE D35.1)
Importance nationally and internationally
Business associations and institutes
The coal industry is organized nationally and internationally in various business associations and maintains various research institutions, for example:
- International:
- Germany:
- General Association of Hard Coal (GVSt)
- German Brown Coal Industry Association (DEBRIV - Federal Association of Brown Coal)
- Association of Coal Importers
- DGMK German Scientific Society for Oil, Natural Gas and Coal
literature
- Wilhelm Hermann, Gertrude Hermann: The old mines on the Ruhr. Past and future of a key technology. With a catalog of the "life stories" of 477 mines (series Die Blauen Bücher ). 6th edition, expanded to include a digression according to p. 216 and updated in parts relating to energy policy, the 5th, completely revised and expanded edition 2003, post-processing 2002: Christiane Syré, final editing 2007: Hans-Curt Köster. Langewiesche successor, Königstein im Taunus 2008, ISBN 978-3-7845-6994-9 .
- Hans Kaschade: Coal and Energy Industry in the GDR 1960 to 1990 . edition bodoni. Buskow 2018, ISBN 978-3-940781-90-1 .
- Anthony Seaton: Farewell, King Coal. From industrial triumph to climatic disaster . Dunedin Academic Press, Edinburgh 2018, ISBN 978-1-78046-077-2 .
- Elspeth Thomson: The Chinese coal industry. An economic history . Curzon, London 2003, ISBN 0-7007-1727-7 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Georg Erdmann, Peter Zweifel: Energy Economics: Theory and Applications . Gabler Wissenschaftsverlage, 2008, ISBN 978-3-540-70773-8 , p. 258 ff . ( limited preview in Google Book search).
- ^ Christian von Hirschhausen: Basic features of the coal economy. (PDF; 2.8 MB) Lecture Energy Economics. Technical University of Dresden, DREWAG Endowed Chair for Energy Economics / EnergyEconomics, accessed on June 4, 2012 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g Statistical classification of economic sectors in the European Community, Rev. 2 (2008). Eurostat, accessed on 4 June 2012 .
- ↑ Links to other coal organizations. (No longer available online.) Verein der Kohlenimporteure eV, archived from the original on May 27, 2012 ; Retrieved June 4, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
