Black shame

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

When "Black Shame" (also "Black Shame" ) is one of Germany mainly outgoing international campaign against the use of French colonial troops (including Senegalese and Turkos ) during the Occupation of the Rhineland called. The soldiers u. a. Assumed massive acts of violence against German women and children. The campaign peaked between 1920 and 1923, but did not fall silent until 1930.

development

In the Franco-Prussian War , Prussian and Bavarian troops first encountered Arabs and Berbers (Turkos) in French auxiliary troops, which also consisted of sub-Saharan Africans.

At the beginning of the First World War , the use of soldiers of the colonial troops in Europe was controversial. Parties, the media and other organizations mobilized to prevent the use of colonial troops in Germany or to describe it as a particular humiliation.

For example, Reich President Friedrich Ebert said in a speech on February 13, 1923 in Darmstadt , "[d] the use of colored troops of the lowest culture as overseers over a population of the high intellectual and economic importance of the Rhinelander is a challenging violation of the laws of European civilization [ ...] "

The “German Emergency League against Black Shame”, founded in Munich , played a central role . The association pursued international propaganda for the struggle to save the "white race". On the initiative of the government, the "Rhenish Women's League" was formed, which was a pool for various women's associations. The foreign propaganda and the establishment of appropriate groups abroad were also organized through the Foreign Office.

See also

literature

  • Christian Koller : "Massacred by savages of all races". The discussion about the use of colonial troops in Europe between racism, colonial and military policy (1914–1930) (= Contributions to Colonial and Overseas History, Vol. 82). Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-515-07765-0 .
  • Eberhardt Kettlitz: African soldiers from the German point of view since 1871. Stereotypes, prejudices, enemy images and racism (= Africa and Europe. Colonial and post-colonial encounters, vol. 4). Peter Lang Verlag, Frankfurt 2006, ISBN 978-3-631-56048-8 .
  • Christian Koller: "The black shame" - African occupation soldiers and racism in the twenties. In: Marianne Bechhaus-Gerst, Reinhard Klein-Arendt: Africans in Germany and Black Germans: Past and Present: Contributions to the conference of the same name from 13. – 15. June 2003 in the NS Documentation Center (EL-DE House) Cologne. LIT Verlag Münster, 2004, p. 155 ff.
  • Sandra Maß : White heroes, black warriors. On the history of colonial masculinity in Germany 1918–1964. Böhlau, Cologne 2006, ISBN 978-3-412-32305-9 .
  • Mohamet Traore Black troops in World War I: between racism, colonialism and nationalism . Diplomica, Hamburg 2014, ISBN 978-3-95850-598-8 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The other man: African soldiers as a mirror of white masculinity and femininity (1870–1923). Sandra Maß, 2008, accessed December 17, 2014 .
  2. ^ Blieskastel: Regional historical context. Gerhild Krebs, 2009, accessed December 17, 2014 .
  3. ↑ cit. according to Christian Koller: 'Massacred by savages of all races'. 2001, p. 324; Mohamet Traoré: Black Troops in the First World War. 2014, p. 38.