Rhineland bastard
Rhineland bastard is a derogatory term that was used in Germany from the end of the First World War until the time of National Socialism for children who had a black father and a white mother. Bastard is an old (almost only used as a swear word) term for an illegitimate child, often the child of an unmarried mother.
History of the term
The name Rhineland Bastard comes from the time when French troops occupied the Rhineland . Some of these troops came from the colonies of France in Africa, and through connections with local women, African-German children were born who, like their mothers, were exposed to significant discrimination by the German population.
However, most of the blacks in Germany at this time were children of the German colonists in Africa who had children with local women. With the loss of the colonies after the First World War - regulated in the Peace Treaty of Versailles - some of the colonists came to Germany with their families .
In Mein Kampf , Adolf Hitler described the French stationing of “ hordes of negroes ” in the Rhineland as a targeted strategy by “ Jews ” to “ destroy the white race they hated, to overthrow them from their cultural and political heights, and to destroy them themselves through the inevitable bastardisation to ascend their masters ”. From the west a huge, closed settlement area from the Rhine to the Congo threatens Hitler , ... filled with a lower race slowly emerging from constant bastardization. Alfred Rosenberg wrote in the myth of the 20th century :
"(France is) today at the forefront of the pollination of Europe by the blacks ... and (is) therefore hardly to be regarded as a European state, rather as an extension of Africa, led by the Jews."
Speaking racist insults against these people was by no means an obstacle to continuing careers after 1945, as the example of Franz Massfeller shows. Massfeller published from the early 1930s to 1945 on family and civil status law, and also later until the mid-1960s. He was the National Socialist editor and author of the 1st Commentary on the Blood Protection and Marriage Health Act . As an employee of the Reich Ministry of Justice, he took part in two follow-up conferences to the Wannsee Conference . In 1949 he continued his career as a ministerial official in the Justice Ministry of the FRG:
“The purity of German blood is not only endangered by German-Jewish mixtures. The mixture of other foreign blood with German blood is also disadvantageous for the further development of the people (...) Carriers of foreign blood are (...) the Negro bastards in the Rhineland and the gypsies residing in Germany . "
Forced sterilization
In the National Socialist race theory , such “mixed products” were judged even more negatively as “putrid hybrid brood” than the “healthy, albeit primitive and deeply rooted human children” of the “unmixed” population of Black Africa , but above all they were seen as weakening and endangering the “ Germanic race ” and derived from this the state duty to “curb any further hybridization”. However, no official laws were enacted against the black population or against children of “mixed descent”. However, an unofficial group, the "Commission No. 3", was set up to "fix" the "problem of the Rhineland bastards". Organized by Eugen Fischer and with the participation of Fritz Lenz , it was decided to sterilize these children.
Implementation of the program began in 1937 when local officials were instructed to report on any "Rhineland bastards" under their administration. A total of around 400 children with recorded "mixed ancestry" were forcibly sterilized . Since these sterilizations, unlike other sterilization programs of the National Socialists, had no legal basis, they were illegal even then.
See also
- Afro-Germans
- Occupation child
- " Black shame " (another swear word: "Black shame")
literature
- Gisela Tascher: Nazi forced sterilizations: acting on the orders of the Führer. The illegal and top secret compulsory sterilization of the "Rhineland bastards" from 1937 and the prosecution of the medical perpetrators after 1945 . In: Deutsches Ärzteblatt 113, 2016, issue 10, pp. 353–355.
- Luisa Kleinemas: Fate of dark-skinned children in the Third Reich. A comparison of Didier Daeninckx “Galadio” with Anja Tuckermann's “Muscha”. GRIN Verlag, Munich 2014.
- Julia Roos: Continuities and Breaks in the History of Racism. Suggestions for researching the "Rhineland bastards" from a private correspondence. In Birthe Kundrus , Sybille Steinbacher (ed.): Continuities and discontinuities. National Socialism in the History of the 20th Century (= Contributions to the History of National Socialism . Volume 29). Wallstein-Verlag, Göttingen 2013, ISBN 978-383-53130-2-6 . Pp. 154-170.
- Hans-Jürgen Massaquoi : “Negroes, Negroes, chimney sweeps!” My childhood in Germany . (Autobiographical novel.) Afterword by Ralph Giordano . From the American by Ulrike Wasel and Klaus Timmermann. Droemer Knaur, Munich 2001, ISBN 3-426-61854-0 (Knaur, 61854).
- Reiner Pommerin : “Sterilizing the Rhineland Bastards”. The fate of a colored German minority 1918–1937 . Droste, Düsseldorf 1979, ISBN 3-7700-0551-1 .
- Georg Lilienthal: "Rhineland Bastards". Racial hygiene and the problem of racial ideological continuity. On the investigation of Reiner Pommerin: "Sterilization of the Rhineland Bastards" . In: Medizinhistorisches Journal 15, 1980, ISSN 0025-8431 , pp. 426-436.
Web links
- Arab concentration camp prisoners (PDF; 2.4 MB) Höpp on Islamic and / or Arab prisoners in concentration camps, a forgotten group of victims.
- Literature Comprehensive list on "Blacks in the time of NS" and before that in Germany, link list (until 2006)
Individual evidence
- ^ Hitler: Mein Kampf , Franz-Eher-Verlag , Munich, 851. – 855. 1943 edition, p. 357; see. Christian Koller , Von Wilden aller Rassen massacred , 2001, p. 248. See also Wolfe M. Schmokel, Der Traum vom Reich, German Colonialism between 1919 and 1945. Gütersloh 1967, p. 30.
- ↑ Hitler, Mein Kampf , p. 446.
- ↑ Mein Kampf , p. 444.