Arthur Gütt

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Arthur Julius Gütt (born August 17, 1891 in Michelau (today Michałowo), Rosenberg district in West Prussia , † March 2, 1949 in Stade ) was a German doctor , eugenicist (racial hygienist) and SS brigade leader. In the time of National Socialism he rose to an influential medical officer within a short time and became Ministerial Director . He is considered to be the creator of the " Law for the Prevention of Hereditary Offspring ", the legal basis of the National Socialist policy of forced sterilization .

Life

Studies, work and private matters

The son of a landowner studied medicine at the Universities of Königsberg and Greifswald from 1911 to 1914 and from 1917 to 1918 after taking his school- leaving exams with interruptions due to the war . He belonged to the student union gymnastics club Markomannia Königsberg and the old Greifswald gymnastics club Markomanno-Teutonia . During the First World War he served as a field doctor and was awarded the Iron Cross, 2nd class . From November 1914 to December 1916 he was in Russian captivity in Siberia . After obtaining his license to practice medicine , Gütt worked as a general practitioner in Popelken from December 1918 . In 1919 he was in Konigsberg Dr. med. PhD . In November 1923 he passed the examination to become a district doctor in Berlin .

He showed political commitment when he was co-founder and district leader of the German National Freedom Party in Labiau between 1923 and 1925 . In 1924 he became the district leader of the German-Völkisch freedom movement . He was also one of the co-founders of the front fighter association " Frontbann ".

In October 1925 he became a medical assessor in Waldenburg, Silesia . In 1926 Gütt became a district doctor in Marienwerder and in July 1927 a full-time medical officer. In 1931 he worked as a district doctor in Wandsbek .

Son Dieter Gütt was a journalist, son Friedel Gütt a sports official.

Career in National Socialism

In November 1932 he joined the NSDAP ( membership number 1.325.946). From May 1, 1933, he worked in the Reich Ministry of the Interior (RMI), specifically in the Public Health Office, which he took over as head on February 19, 1934. He chaired the Advisory Committee on Population and Racial Policy of the RMI. Also in 1933 Arthur Gütt became a member of the board of trustees of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Anthropology, Human Heredity and Eugenics . Gütt was considered the father of the law to prevent hereditary offspring (came into force on July 14, 1933) and published the commentary on this law together with Ernst Rüdin and Falk Ruttke . As one of the main proponents of the National Socialist hereditary health doctrine and propagandist of a paradigm shift from individual and social hygiene to racial hygiene, he published numerous books and essays on National Socialist racial hygiene , including a six-volume manual on hereditary diseases that he published from 1937 to 1940.

Title page by: Arthur Gütt / Ernst, Rüdin / Falk Ruttke: Law for the Prevention of Hereditary Diseases Offspring of July 14, 1933 . Munich 1934.

On November 9, 1933, he became SS-Untersturmführer (SS-Nr. 85.924) and in October 1934, since April 1934 SS-Obersturmbannführer, as Ministerialrat at the Race and Settlement Main Office .

In addition to his function as head of the department for public health in the Reich Ministry of the Interior , he became president of the State Academy of Public Health in Potsdam . With promotion to SS-Oberführer on June 1, 1935, Arthur Gütt was appointed head of the Office for Population Policy and Hereditary Health Studies in the staff of the Reichsführer SS . In 1935 he recommended Ludwig Schmidt (a doctor) , who became known as "Rassen-Schmidt" , to seek a professorship as a race hygienist at the University of Würzburg. On November 9, 1938, he was promoted to SS Brigadefuhrer, the highest rank he achieved within the SS. he also became a member of the Lebensborn .

In 1936 he became a member of the Reich Committee for the Protection of German Blood and co-editor of the journals Volk und Rasse , Archive for Racial and Social Biology and Munich Medical Weekly . He had heart collapse in 1937 and 1938.

Around the turn of the year 1938/1939 Gütt suffered serious injuries in a hunting accident. On September 6, 1939, five days after the start of the Second World War , Gütt officially resigned from the Reich Ministry of the Interior at his own request. This decision was preceded by internal intrigues. In contrast to Gerhard Wagner , Gütt had no access to Hitler and was not one of the central Nazi figures. He was succeeded in September 1939 by Leonardo Conti . Gütt then held the official title of State Secretary a. D. and was the trustee of the manor Openholz / Samter in West Prussia . His attempts to take on a more active role in the Nazi state again failed: Heinrich Himmler did not comply with his request for reuse . However, in August 1942 he became an associate member of the scientific senate of the Army Medical Inspector.

Gütt was interned at the end of the war and died soon after his release.

Awards

Fonts

  • The simple and combined paralysis of the recurrent nerve. In: Journal of Laryngology. 8: 511-545 (1919).
  • Foreword to: Otto Helmut : People in danger. The decline in the birth rate and its consequences for Germany's future. Lehmann , Munich 1933.
  • The importance of blood and soil for the German people. Reichsdruckerei, Berlin 1933.
  • with Ernst Rüdin and Falk Ruttke (editors, explanations): Law for the Prevention of Hereditary Diseases Offspring of July 14, 1933. With an extract from the law against dangerous habitual criminals and on measures of security and reform of November 24, 1933. Lehmann, Munich 1934; 2nd edition, together with the ordinance of December 5, 1933 on the implementation of the law, excerpt from the law against dangerous habitual criminals and on measures of security and reform of November 24, 1933, ibid. 1936.
  • Service to the race as a task of state policy. Junker and Dünnhaupt , Berlin 1934; Special edition for the Race Political Office of the NSDAP: Junker & Dünnhaupt, Berlin 193; 2nd edition 1938.
  • Elimination of pathological genetic makeup. An overview of the hereditary disease law with the texts. Beyer, Langensalza 1934; 2nd edition: Prevention of pathological genetic makeup. An overview of the Inherited Disease Act with texts. 1934.
  • Structure and tasks of the Reich Committee for Public Health Service at the Reich and Prussian Ministry of the Interior. Reichsdruckerei, Berlin 1935.
  • Physical exercise in the service of race care. Beyer, Langensalza 1935; 2nd edition 1936.
  • The development of the health system in the Third Reich. Junker & Dünnhaupt, Berlin 1935; 3rd, revised edition 1937; 4th, revised edition 1938.
  • with Erich Moebius: The public health service. Heymann, Berlin 1935.
  • Introduction to: The Public Health Service. Text edition of the law on the standardization of the health care system of July 3, 1934, together with implementing ordinances, Reich fee regulations and explanatory notes. Heymann, Berlin 1935; 2nd, completely revised edition: The public health service. Explanations of the law on the standardization of the health system of July 3, 1934, together with implementing ordinances, fee schedules and appendices with decrees. 1939.
  • Population and Racial Policy. Spaeth & Linde, Berlin 1935; 2nd, revised edition 1938.
  • The medical officer. A reference book for medical and administrative officials. Fischer, Jena 1936.
  • with Wilhelm Frick : Nordic ideas in the Third Reich. 3 lectures. Lehmann, Munich 1936 (in it by Arthur Gütt: Health and marriage legislation in the Third Reich as well as service through family care ).
  • with Herbert Linden and Franz Massfeller : Blood Protection and Marriage Health Act. Law for the protection of German blood and German honor and law for the protection of the hereditary health of the German people together with implementing ordinances and relevant provisions. Lehmann, Munich 1936.
  • as editor: Handbook of Hereditary Diseases. 6 volumes. Thieme , Leipzig 1937–1942. Edited by Ernst Rüdin.
  • Race care in the Third Reich. [This lecture was given on July 5, 1939 at the 4th Munich workshop of the Reich Institute for the History of New Germany.] Hanseatische Verlagsanstalt, Hamburg 1940.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Gütt, Arthur Julius, Dr. med. In: Alfons Labisch / Florian Tennstedt : The way to the "Law on the Standardization of Health Care" of July 3, 1934. Lines and moments of development of the state and municipal health system in Germany , Part 2, Academy for Public Health in Düsseldorf 1985, ISSN 0172 -2131, pp. 423-424.
  2. ↑ a b c d e Thomas Maibaum: The leadership school of the German medical profession Alt-Rehse . University of Hamburg, dissertation in the Department of Medicine, 2007, p. 255.
  3. ↑ Claus Tiedemann: Sports Medicine and National Socialist “Health Policy” - Why and how far did sports medicine professionals get involved with National Socialist “Health Policy”? In: Rehabilitation and Prevention in the History of Sports and Medicine. Christine Wolters, Christian Becker, 2014, accessed May 12, 2020 .
  4. ^ Ernst Klee: Das Personenlexikon zum Third Reich , Frankfurt am Main 2007, p. 210.
  5. ^ Gisela Bock : Forced Sterilization in National Socialism , Opladen 1986, p. 84 ff.
  6. ↑ Ute Felbor: Racial Biology and Hereditary Science in the Medical Faculty of the University of Würzburg 1937–1945. 1995, p. 57 f. and 64.
  7. ^ After Maibaum he became SS-Obersturmführer in November 1933, cf. Thomas Maibaum: The leadership school of the German medical profession Alt-Rehse , University of Hamburg, dissertation in the Department of Medicine, 2007, p. 255.
  8. ↑ Ute Felbor: Racial Biology and Hereditary Science in the Medical Faculty of the University of Würzburg 1937–1945. Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 1995 (= Würzburg medical historical research. Supplement 3; also dissertation Würzburg 1995), ISBN 3-88479-932-0 , pp. (48–) 51.
  9. ^ Alfons Labisch and Florian Tennstedt : Public Health Office or Public Health Office? On the development of the public health service since 1933. In: Medicine and health policy in the Nazi era. Edited by Norbert Frei , R. Oldenbourg, Munich 1991 (= series of the quarterly books for contemporary history, special issue), ISBN 3-486-64534-X , pp. 35–66, here: p. 43.
  10. ↑ Thomas Maibaum: The leadership school of the German medical profession Alt-Rehse , University of Hamburg, dissertation in the Department of Medicine, 2007, p. 243.
  11. ↑ Otto Helmut was the pseudonym. He was a son-in-law of the publisher Lehmann.
personal data
SURNAME Gütt, Arthur
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Gütt, Arthur Julius (full name); Gütt, Artur Julius
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German doctor and racial hygienist
DATE OF BIRTH 17th August 1891
PLACE OF BIRTH Michelau , Rosenberg district in West Prussia
DATE OF DEATH March 2, 1949
Place of death Stade