Hans Luxenburger

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Hans Otto Luxenburger (born June 12, 1894 in Schweinfurt , † April 7, 1976 in Munich ) was a German psychiatrist , neurologist , racial hygienist , university professor and medical officer, who was one of the leading psychiatric genetic researchers during the Weimar Republic and the time of National Socialism .

Life

Hans Luxenburger was the son of the Senate President of the Bavarian Administrative Court Otto Luxenburger and his wife Elise, née Kuhn. After graduating, he completed a medical degree at the University of Munich . He finished his studies in 1920 with the state examination and was awarded a Dr. med. PhD . He then worked at the Munich University Clinic and the sanatoriums and nursing homes in Berlin-Buch and Eglfing-Haar. From 1924 he was a research assistant at the Demographic-Genealogical Department under Ernst Rüdin at the German Research Institute for Psychiatry (DFA) of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute (KWI) in Munich. He followed Rüdin to Basel in 1925, where he completed his habilitation there in 1928 in psychiatry and became a private lecturer .

Luxenburger returned to Munich and from 1928 was deputy head of department at the Genealogical-Demographic Department at the German Research Institute for Psychiatry at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute, led by Rüdin. By 1944 he had written 111 papers on racial hygiene and in 1932 participated in the formulation of a sterilization law. In 1932 he was licensed as a specialist in nervous diseases. In 1934 he was awarded the title of associate professor and was appointed Scientific Member of the German Research Institute for Psychiatry at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute. He became known through his psychiatric twin research on the genetic condition of schizophrenia:

“His work on the“ genetic constitutional correlation ”of tuberculosis and schizophrenia (1927) and the distribution of mental disorders in the population (1928) made him one of the leading psychiatric genetic researchers. He was committed to racial hygiene, but criticized individual measures of the National Socialist genetic health policy because they were not up to date with research ”.

At the beginning of December 1934, Luxenburger clashed with the anti-Semite and Gauleiter for Middle Franconia, Julius Streicher , at an event organized by the “doctors of German origin” in Nuremberg-Fürth , where he gave a lecture on racial hygiene. In his lecture he did not link racial hygiene with the Jewish question and dismissed the impregnation theory advocated by Streicher as nonsense, whereupon the latter reacted angrily and scientifically ignored Luxenburg. "Political blindness" was officially attested to him in the following arguments, but Rüdin was still able to hold him. For fear of being murdered, he then sought refuge in surrounding monasteries.

After further conflicts with the Munich SS leadership and colleagues from the DFA at the KWI, Luxenburger switched to the air force medical service during the Second World War in October 1941 . As a full-time medical officer, he became an advisory psychiatrist for the head of medical services and commander of the Medical Academy of the Air Force in Berlin-Wittenau . In this context, he held a leading position in the training system of the Air Force and was “responsible for the allocation of research funds to the DFA”. From April 1942 he was Oberfeldarzt and in 1944 for Colonel doctor conveyed the Air Force.

After the end of the war, Luxenburger issued an affidavit for Hermann Becker-Freyseng , who was accused in the Nuremberg doctors' trial . In the post-war period he played a key role in rebuilding child welfare in Munich. From 1952 he held a teaching position for curative education at the University of Munich. In Munich he finally practiced as a psychiatrist.

Luxenburger had been widowed since 1933 and married his second wife Jutta, née Köhler, in 1950. The couple had two sons.

Fonts

  • Psychiatric medicine and eugenics , Ferd. Dümmlers Verl [bh.], Berlin / Bonn 1932
  • Psychiatric heredity , JF Lehmanns Verl., Munich / Berlin 1938
  • Schizophrenia , G. Thieme, Leipzig 1940 (together with Berthold Kihn )
  • Instructions for the submission of forensic psychiatric reports / on behalf of the d. Inspector d. Sanitary d. Luftwaffe , JF Lehmanns Verl., Munich / Berlin 1943
  • The family in the melting pot of social change , Calwer Verl., Stuttgart 1960

literature

  • Ernst Klee : The dictionary of persons on the Third Reich . Who was what before and after 1945 . 2nd Edition. Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2007, ISBN 978-3-596-16048-8 .
  • Hans-Walter Schmuhl (Ed.): Race research at Kaiser Wilhelm Institutes before and after 1933. Wallstein, Göttingen 2003, p. 333f. (Biograms)
  • Index volume for the microfiche edition: With an introduction by Angelika Ebbinghaus to the history of the process and short biographies of those involved in the process . Karsten Linne (ed.): The Nuremberg Medical Trial 1946/47. Verbal transcripts, prosecution and defense material, sources on the environment. Published by Klaus Dörner on behalf of the Hamburg Foundation for Social History of the 20th Century . Introduction by Angelika Ebbinghaus . German edition, microfiche edition. Saur, Munich 2000, ISBN 3-598-32020-5 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Who is who? : the German Who's Who , Volume 16, Arani, 1970, p. 795
  2. ↑ a b Biograms: Hans Luxenburger (1894–1976). In: Hans-Walter Schmuhl (Ed.): Race research at Kaiser Wilhelm Institutes before and after 1933 , Göttingen 2003, p. 333f.
  3. ↑ Wolfgang Burgmair, Eric J. Engstrom and Matthias Weber (eds.): Emil Kraepelin. , Volume II: Criminological and Forensic Writings: Works and Letters belleville, Munich 2001, ISBN 3-933510-91-0 , p. 384
  4. ↑ Florian Georg Mildenberger: … spoiled in the direction of homosexuality. Psychiatrists, criminal psychologists and coroners on male homosexuality 1850 - 1970. Zugl .: Vienna, Univ., Habil.-Schr., 2002. MännerschwarmSkript-Verl., Hamburg 2002, ISBN 3-935596-15-4 , p. 153
  5. ↑ a b c indexing volume for the microfiche edition: With an introduction by Angelika Ebbinghaus on the history of the process and short biographies of those involved in the process . P. 120. Karsten Linne (Ed.): The Nuremberg Medical Process 1946/47. Verbal transcripts, prosecution and defense material, sources on the environment. Published by Klaus Dörner , German edition, microfiche edition, Munich 2000 on behalf of the Hamburg Foundation for Social History of the 20th Century
  6. ↑ Hans-Walter Schmuhl: Crossing borders. The Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Anthropology, Human Heredity and Eugenics 1927–1945. History of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society under National Socialism, Volume 9. Wallstein, Göttingen 2005, p. 142
  7. ↑ Quoted from: Biograms: Hans Luxenburger (1894-1976) . In: Hans-Walter Schmuhl (Ed.): Race research at Kaiser Wilhelm Institutes before and after 1933 , Göttingen 2003, p. 333f.
  8. ^ Franco Ruault : New creators of the German people. Julius Streicher in the fight against racial disgrace. Lang, Frankfurt am Main 2006, ISBN 978-3-631-54499-0 , p. 330
  9. ↑ Volker Roelcke: Program and practice of psychiatric genetics at the German Research Institute for Psychiatry under Ernst Rüdin. In: Hans-Walter Schmuhl (Ed.): Race research at Kaiser Wilhelm Institutes before and after 1933 , Göttingen 2003, p. 49
  10. ^ Klaus-Peter Horn: Educational Science in Germany in the 20th Century . Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2003, ISBN 3-7815-1271-1 , p. 133
  11. ^ Ernst Klee: Das Personenlexikon zum Third Reich , Frankfurt am Main 2007, p. 385
personal data
SURNAME Luxenburger, Hans
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Luxenburger, Hans Otto (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German psychiatrist, neurologist, racial hygienist and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH June 12, 1894
PLACE OF BIRTH Schweinfurt
DATE OF DEATH April 7, 1976
Place of death Munich