Max Schwarz (medic)

Max Schwarz in the study of the University ENT Clinic, Tübingen

Max Theodor Schwarz (born June 6, 1898 in Tübingen ; † February 11, 1991 in Freiburg im Breisgau ) was a German ENT doctor and university professor .

Life

After graduating from high school, Max Schwarz studied medicine at the Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen and graduated in 1924 with a Dr. med. from. Schwarz then received an assistant position to Martin Heidenhain at the anatomical institute there, after which he was employed as the second prosector . In 1925 he switched to Albert Dietrich's assistant at the Pathological Institute at the University of Cologne . Max Schwarz then completed an apprenticeship with Eugen Enderlen at the Surgical University Clinic of the Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, followed by ENT training with Walther Albrecht in Tübingen.

Max Schwarz in the lecture hall of the University ENT Clinic, Tübingen

In 1929 Schwarz completed his habilitation with Albrecht, and in the same year he was appointed senior physician at the clinic. In 1937 Schwarz accepted a professorship for ear, nose and throat medicine at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University in Frankfurt am Main , which he filled until 1945. During the time of National Socialism, Schwarz was a member of the NSDAP , the SA and the National Socialist Medical Association. He was the chief appraiser for hereditary health courts and editor of the hereditary sheets for the ear, nose and throat doctor.

After the Second World War , Schwarz worked as a resident doctor in Frankfurt am Main until he succeeded Richard Mittermaier as chief physician at the ENT clinic in Karlsruhe in 1948. In 1951 Max Schwarz changed to the chair for ear, nose and throat medicine in Tübingen and developed basic knowledge about hereditary forms of hearing loss and deafness for ear, nose and throat medicine. In 1966 he retired . Schwarz, who was admitted to the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina in 1953 and to the Collegium Oto-Rhino-Laryngologicum Amicitiae Sacrum in 1954, stood out with his work on heredity and constitution research, on the cholesteatoma of the ear and on the mucous membranes.

Schwarz was one of the broadly trained clinicians of his era who was able to build a bridge from basic research to application for the benefit of the patient. In a time without antibiotics and often fatal diseases of the mucous membrane of the paranasal sinuses and the ear, essential results of mucosal research came from Schwarz. They were reflected in a widely respected volume published in 1949. If you see the current success of the Tübingen interdisciplinary center of the dental, oral and maxillofacial clinic and the ENT clinic for children with cleft palates, Max Schwarz created an important basis for this decades ago with his pneumatization research of the ear in cleft palate diseases.

Max Schwarz initially dealt scientifically with genetic and constitutional research in the field. After working in Frankfurt, he remained loyal to genetic research in mucosal biology at his new place of work in Tübingen. In addition to the investigations and theoretical deductions about the formative power of the mucous membrane and its different biological value, research topics such as cholesteatomogenesis and the pathophysiology of the tonsils came up. He also created a collection of histological specimens of the development of the human paranasal sinuses, which he set up in addition to the continuation of Albrecht's temporal bone collection. In several handbook articles, in his monograph "The mucous membranes of the ear and the upper airways", in another book on the development of cholesteatoma and in his "differential diagnosis" he has made fundamental clinical and theoretical contributions to the field. Schwarz was also temporarily responsible editor of the "Archive for clinical and experimental ear, nose and larynx medicine".

His family and friends also knew Schwarz as a passionate painter. After his retirement he devoted himself to painting and restoring antique furniture in addition to his scientific studies. He deepened his skills as a painter during a seminar lasting several weeks at Geras Abbey in Lower Austria. The monastery offered him the best conditions to work creatively and intensively and to maintain a close dialogue with other artists and lecturers. Schwarz had a preference for motifs from home, such as Tübingen or Frankfurt.

Fonts (selection)

• M. Schwarz, Scientific Work 1924-1963, JF Bergmann Munich and Julius Springer Berlin, 1925
• The duct system of the pancreas and its importance for duodenal resection, In: Deutsche Zeitschrift fur Chirurgie, Volume 198, FCW Vogel, 1926
• The subsidence of the Shrapnell membrane and its clinical significance, In: Archive for Ear, Nose and Larynx Medicine, Volume 131, German Society of Ear, Nose and Throat Doctors, 1932
• Inherited deafness: Basic principles for recognizing inherited hearing impairments, insofar as they concern the law for the prevention of genetically ill offspring , Thieme, 1935
• Hereditary deafness and its diagnosis. In: Arthur Gütt (Hrsg.): Handbuch der Erbkrankheiten. Volume 6, Thieme, Leipzig 1937
• Hereditary deafness: from the university ears, throat and Nasal Clinic Frankfurt am Main; Question and survey data and their evaluation for the assessment, Thieme, 1938
• The mucous membranes of the ear and the airways: Biologie und Klinik, Springer, 1949
• Form and function of the tonsils , In: Zeitschrift für Laryngologie, Rhinologie, Otologie und their border areas 32 , 1953
• Symptoms and diagnosis of ear, nose and throat diseases , Thieme, 1956
• The cholesteatoma in the ear canal and in the middle ear: Pathogenesis-Diagnose-Therapy, In: Issue 8 of Zwanglose Abhandlungen from the field of ear, nose and throat medicine, Thiem, 1966
• His monograph 'Inherited Deafness. Basics for recognizing inherited hearing disorders ... ´ formed one of the bases ´for preventing hereditary offspring´ in the so-called Third Reich.

• Gerhard Oestreich (Ed.): Kürschner's German Scholars Calendar , 8th Edition, De Gruyter : Berlin, 1954, p. 2189
• Werner Schuder (Hrsg.): Kürschner's German learned calendar. Volume 3, 13th edition, De Gruyter, Berlin 1980, ISBN 3110074346 , p. 3615.
• German Society for Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Austrian Society for Ear, Nose and Throat Medicine, Head and Neck Surgery: Laryngo- rhinootologie, Volume 70, Thieme 1991. p. 333.
• Tilman Brusis: History of the German ear, nose and throat clinics in the 20th century, 1st edition, Springer, 2001. ISBN 3540417044 . P. 219.

Web links

• History of the University ENT Clinic Tübingen. Max Schwarz, Director of the University ENT Clinic Tübingen
• Family tree of the Schwarz family
• Painting by Max Schwarz
• Schwarz, Max Theodor. Hessian biography. (As of February 11, 2020). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).

Individual evidence and notes

1. ↑ Harry Waibel : Servants of many masters. Former Nazi functionaries in the Soviet Zone / GDR. Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main et al. 2011, ISBN 978-3-631-63542-1 , pp. 309-310.
2. ^ Member entry by Max Schwarz at the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina , accessed on June 25, 2016.
3. ↑ National Socialist standard work which, among other things, served as a medical justification for the sterilization and murder of possibly hereditary handicapped people.