Martin Heidenhain (medical doctor)

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Martin Heidenhain (born December 7, 1864 in Breslau , † December 14, 1949 in Tübingen ) was a German anatomist .

Life

Heidenhain came from a family of doctors. His father Rudolf Heidenhain was a physiologist and professor at the University of Breslau , his mother Fanny, geb. Volkmann, the daughter of Alfred Wilhelm Volkmann . His brothers were the surgeon Lothar and the historian and librarian Arthur Heidenhain .

After attending grammar school in Breslau, Martin Heidenhain studied biology at the universities of Breslau and Würzburg and then medicine in Freiburg im Breisgau . After his at Robert Wiedersheim carried Promotion in Medicine in 1890 in Freiburg, he was assistant in 1891 at Albert Koelliker in Wurzburg and Prosektor for comparative anatomy, embryology and histology . In Würzburg he married Anna Hesse, the marriage produced three sons and a daughter. In 1894 he completed his habilitation, in 1895 he became a prosector of anatomy.

In 1899 he went to the University of Tübingen as a prosector and associate professor , and in 1917 he became full professor of anatomy. In 1933 he was hit by the decree of the Württemberg state government, which lowered the age limit for university lecturers from 70 to 68 years and he was retired, successor as professor of anatomy was Otto Oertel. Nevertheless, Heidenhain was able to hold a historical colloquium in the winter semester until 1939, until he withdrew due to illness.

Heidenhain had been a member of the Leopoldina since 1909 .

plant

Heidenhain's importance lies primarily in the further development of histological techniques. In 1914 he hired the precision engineer Paul Graf and had almost 40,000 preparations made, which he used in his courses and then left to the students. In 1894 he introduced the term telophase for the terminal stage of mitosis . In addition, he developed numerous staining techniques such as azan staining and in 1892 iron hematoxylin staining, which are still used in histology today. Heidenhain's main work was the book Plasma and Cell (1907–1911).

Fonts (selection)

  • General anatomy of the living mass (= manual of human anatomy. Volume 8). Fischer, Jena 1907/11.
  1. The basics of microscopic anatomy, the nuclei, the centers and the theory of granules . 1907.
  2. The contractile substance, the nervous substance, the thread skeleton and its objects . 1911.
  • Synthetic morphology of the human kidney. Construction and development presented on a new basis . Brill, Leiden 1937.

literature

  • Reinhard Hildebrand: Rudolf Albert von Koelliker and his circle. In: Würzburg medical history reports. Volume 3, 1985, pp. 127-151, here: p. 146.
  • Walter Jacobj: Martin Heidenhain. In: Hugo Freund, Alexander Berg (ed.): History of microscopy, II: Medicine. Frankfurt 1964, pp. 127-146.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Joseph Walk (ed.): Short biographies on the history of the Jews 1918–1945. Edited by the Leo Baeck Institute, Jerusalem. De Gruyter, Berlin 1988; Reprint ibid 2014, ISBN 978-3-11-158087-6 , p. 143.
  2. ↑ Renate Loebner: Everything was abundance: A look back at my life. 2012, ISBN 978-3-86386-262-6 , p. 15.
  3. ^ Martin Heidenhain:  Heidenhain, Martin. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 8, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1969, ISBN 3-428-00189-3 , p. 247 ( digitized version ).
  4. ^ A b Klaus D. Mörike: History of the Tübingen Anatomy. Tübingen 1988, ISBN 3-16-445346-9 , pp. 71-72.
  5. ↑ Klaus D. Mörike: One hundred and fifty years of anatomy on the Österberg. In: Tübinger Blätter. 71/1984.

Web links


personal data
SURNAME Heidenhain, Martin
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German anatomist
DATE OF BIRTH December 7, 1864
PLACE OF BIRTH Wroclaw
DATE OF DEATH December 14, 1949
Place of death Tübingen