Sebka

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Giralda , Seville
Lions Court of the Alhambra , Granada

The term Sebka describes diamond panels that develop from overlapping arches and that play an essential role in the architecture and decorative art of the Moorish style .

history

The origin of the sebkas is largely in the dark: early approaches to overlapping arches can be seen in the wall decor of the Capilla Villaviciosa in the Mezquita de Córdoba from the late 10th century; a decorative diamond panel appears for the first time around the year 1000 in the upper facade area of ​​the former mosque El Cristo de la Luz in Toledo . However, since diamond motifs still play an essential role in traditional Berber art of the Maghreb today, it seems likely that other origins are to be found here. Developed Sebkas have appeared since the Almohads , a Berber dynasty who ruled from 1147 to 1269, and within a short time they made their way from North Africa to Andalusia ( Giralda ), where the Nasrid art ( Alhambra ) flourished late. Due to the architecture of the Mudéjares and the neo-Moorish style, they spread far to the north ( Aragón ) of the Iberian Peninsula.

Characteristics

Individual diamond motifs, which can be interpreted as eyes in an apotropaic sense, are only known from Berber carpets ; however, the oldest surviving specimens are from the 18th and 19th centuries. Century. Flat diamond patterns are often found on passages (portals or arcades) or on the minarets that can be seen from afar and usually develop from potentially endlessly overlapping multi-pass or lambrequin arches , which are usually supported by small decorative columns .

Shapes and materials

Open sebkas are hardly known; mostly the diamond panels are overlaid against a wall. Its interior is regularly filled with various geometric and vegetable forms of jewelry. Exterior panels (e.g. on minarets ) are made of stone, while weatherproof panels in rooms or courtyards are mostly made of stucco.

Web links

Commons : Sebka  - collection of images, videos and audio files