Maritime pine bark extract

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Maritime pine ( Pinus pinaster )

Maritime pine bark extract is a plant extract from the bark of the French maritime pine ( Pinus pinaster subsp. Atlantica ). It contains polyphenols and is sometimes used. a. used in food supplements and cosmetics. Pycnogenol is a brand name for maritime pine bark extract. A meta-analysis from 2012 found that the data on the treatment of chronic diseases with maritime pine bark extract is insufficient.

composition

Maritime pine bark extract consists of 65 to 75% procyanidins. Procyanidins are biopolymers made up of catechin and epicatechin units. Due to their chain length, these are hardly absorbable, but are converted into postbiotic active metabolites by the human intestinal flora. Other components of maritime pine bark extract are antioxidant plant acids and bioflavonoids . Together with the active metabolites, they form the basis for the anti-inflammatory effect of the maritime pine bark extract.

history

First clinical studies in the 1970s on patients with venous complaints showed measurable results in the area of ​​edema regression and pain perception while taking maritime pine bark extract. The first patent for Pycnogenol was granted in 1987. Maritime pine bark extract is currently found in more than 1,000 health products worldwide.

Occurrence

Maritime pine bark extract is obtained from the bark of marine pines that grow exclusively in the forest of Les Landes de Gascogne in southwest France.

Modes of action

Maritime pine bark extract, with its effective profiles of procyanidins and bioflavonoids, is a gold standard in the natural prevention and therapy of degenerative diseases. As a powerful antioxidant, it stimulates the synthesis of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione and at the same time binds free radicals . Thus it increases the antioxidant power of every single cell. In addition, maritime pine bark extract binds free radicals and destroys their oxidation potential. Maritime pine bark extract inhibits the development and spread of chronic inflammatory diseases and has been shown to limit the activity of NF-κB. It also reduces the release of the specific transcription factor and thus the release of other inflammatory molecules such. B. interleukins , prostaglandins , CRP, TNF-alpha and COX. Above all, it could be shown that the release of MMP-9 (Matrix Metalloprotease 9), an enzyme which u. a. promotes the pathogenesis of various chronic inflammatory diseases, could be significantly inhibited. Maritime pine bark extract acts lowers blood pressure and increases the concentration of HDL - cholesterol in the blood, the impact on HDL cholesterol is controversial.

Indications

Maritime pine bark extract is recommended for many indications, primarily because of its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The most relevant areas are cardiology , dermatology and orthopedics .

Cardiology: Maritime pine bark extract activates the endothelial nitrogen monoxide synthetase and thus contributes to the increased synthesis of NO (nitrogen monoxide). This has been shown to have a vasodilatory effect. Furthermore, the oligomeric procyanidins contained in maritime pine bark extract strengthen the capillary walls and also stimulate the blood circulation. Studies have also confirmed a reduction in platelet activity. Therefore, maritime pine bark extract is recommended both preventively and as an adjuvant in the therapy of cardiovascular diseases .

Dermatology: Due to UV rays, stress and environmental damage, the body releases free radicals , which maritime pine bark extract can protect against. It binds z. B. collagen and elastin, thus preventing oxidation of these main proteins. It also stimulates the supply of new collagen and hyaluronic acid in the skin. In addition, it was shown that maritime pine bark extract improves the blood microcirculation in the skin and thus ensures an increased supply of oxygen and nutrients with increased supply of moisture and the removal of metabolic products.

Orthopedics: Above all, the anti-inflammatory properties of maritime pine bark extract are used in orthopedics. In addition, it has a short-term pain reliever in osteoarthritis . Maritime pine bark extract lowers the inflammation markers for joint problems and promotes mobility and flexibility of the joints. Furthermore, the collagen-stimulating effect leads to more elastic and flexible joints.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ A. Schoonees, J. Visser, A. Musekiwa, J. Volmink: Pycnogenol® (extract of French maritime pine bark) for the treatment of chronic disorders. In: The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. Number 4, April 2012, p. CD008294, doi : 10.1002 / 14651858.CD008294.pub4 , PMID 22513958 .
  2. ↑ P. Rohdewald: A review of the French maritime pine bark extract (Pycnogenol®), a herbal medication with a diverse clinical pharmacology . In: Int. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics . tape 40 , no. 04 , April 1, 2002, p. 158-168 , PMID 11996210 .
  3. ^ Passwater, Richard A., Siebrecht, Stefan, Ponte Press Verlags-GmbH: The phenomenon Pycnogenol a versatile herbal food supplement: the importance of Pycnogenol for health . [1. Edition]. Bochum, ISBN 978-3-920328-78-2 .
  4. ^ Passwater, Richard A., Siebrecht, Stefan, Ponte Press Verlags-GmbH: The phenomenon Pycnogenol a versatile herbal food supplement: the importance of Pycnogenol for health . [1. Edition]. Bochum, ISBN 978-3-920328-78-2 .
  5. ↑ Audwin B. Nelson, Benjamin HS Lau, Nagatoshi Ide, Yongqi Rong: Pycnogenol Inhibits Macrophage Oxidative Burst, Lipoprotein Oxidation, and Hydroxyl Radical-Induced DNA Damage . In: Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy . tape 24 , no. 2 , January 1998, ISSN  0363-9045 , p. 139-144 , doi : 10.3109 / 03639049809085598 .
  6. ↑ F. Enseleit, I. Sudano, D. Periat, S. Winnik, M. Wolfrum: Effects of Pycnogenol on endothelial function in patients with stable coronary artery disease: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over study . In: European Heart Journal . tape 33 , no. 13 , January 11, 2012, ISSN  0195-668X , p. 1589–1597 , doi : 10.1093 / eurheartj / ehr482 .
  7. ↑ Angelika Schäfer, Zuzana Chovanová, Jana Muchová, Katarína Sumegová, Anna Liptáková: Inhibition ofCOX-1and COX-2activity byplasma ofhuman volunteers after ingestion of French maritime pine bark extract (Pycnogenol) . In: Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy . tape 60 , no. 1 , January 2006, ISSN  0753-3322 , p. 5-9 , doi : 10.1016 / j.biopha.2005.08.006 .
  8. ↑ Z. Zhang, X. Tong, YL Wei, L. Zhao, JY Xu, LQ Qin: Effect of Pycnogenol Supplementation on Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. In: Iranian journal of public health. Volume 47, Number 6, June 2018, pp. 779-787, PMID 30087862 , PMC 6077626 (free full text).
  9. ↑ A. Hadi, M. Pourmasoumi, H. Mohammadi, A. Javaheri, MH Rouhani: The impact of pycnogenol supplementation on plasma lipids in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. In: Phytotherapy Research . [electronic publication before printing] November 2018, doi : 10.1002 / ptr.6234 , PMID 30456865 .
  10. ↑ A. Sahebkar: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of pycnogenol on plasma lipids. In: Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology and therapeutics. Volume 19, Number 3, May 2014, pp. 244-255, doi : 10.1177 / 1074248413511691 , PMID 24346156 .
  11. ↑ F. Enseleit, I. Sudano, D. Periat, S. Winnik, M. Wolfrum: Effects of Pycnogenol on endothelial function in patients with stable coronary artery disease: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over study . In: European Heart Journal . tape 33 , no. 13 , January 11, 2012, ISSN  0195-668X , p. 1589–1597 , doi : 10.1093 / eurheartj / ehr482 .
  12. ^ Passwater, Richard A., Siebrecht, Stefan, Ponte Press Verlags-GmbH: The phenomenon Pycnogenol a versatile herbal food supplement: the importance of Pycnogenol for health . [1. Edition]. Bochum 2017, ISBN 978-3-920328-78-2 .
  13. ↑ PJ Rohdewald: Review on Sustained Relief of Osteoarthritis Symptoms with a Proprietary Extract from Pine Bark, Pycnogenol. In: Journal of medicinal food. Volume 21, number 1, January 2018, pp. 1–4, doi : 10.1089 / jmf.2017.0015 , PMID 28836883 , PMC 5775113 (free full text).
  14. ^ X. Liu, GC Machado, JP Eyles, V. Ravi, DJ Hunter: Dietary supplements for treating osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. In: British journal of sports medicine. Volume 52, Number 3, February 2018, pp. 167–175, doi : 10.1136 / bjsports-2016-097333 , PMID 29018060 .
  15. ^ L Packer, G Rimbach, F Virgili: Antioxidant activity and biologic properties of a procyanidin-rich extract from pine (pinus maritima) bark, pycnogenol . In: Free Radical Biology and Medicine . tape 27 , no. 5-6 , September 1999, ISSN  0891-5849 , pp. 704-724 , doi : 10.1016 / s0891-5849 (99) 00090-8 .