Setsuwa

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Setsuwa ( Jap. 説話 ), fully setsuwa bungaku (Jap. 説話文学 ), a popular type referred to Japanese narrative literature of the Middle Ages (about 800 -1300). The Setsuwa can be viewed as a variant of the Monogatari with a lower literary level; they usually contain a Buddhist element. Often they refer to unusual, supernatural events and pretend to record actual events.

history

The Setsuwa bungaku is the literature of the "story" originally spoken orally and then written down in a beautiful form (in the literary-historical sense; cf. Even more: this literature develops more and more powerfully in the course of time, until it blossoms into true gigantic works at the height of the Middle Ages, from where it then, greatly modified, continues to vary into the most diverse literary forms. These are collections of myths, legends, sagas and fairy tales in popular form. These are often strongly influenced by Buddhist ideas. This also applies to the profane component, but (neo-) Confucian thoughts have clearly come to the fore here since the Kamakura period . In all of the Setsuwa literature the author takes a back seat to the work; some of the collections have been handed down anonymously. The didactic element is strongly pronounced in them and, like other genres of Japanese literature of the Middle Ages, they are not geared towards aristocratic readers. The world of medieval Japanese man becomes clear in the collections. In terms of motif history, they are a treasure trove for all of the later narrative literature and drama ( Nō , Jōruri ). The Setsuwa literature also formed the basis for the popular literature of the Muromachi and Tokugawa periods .

The term itself did not become common knowledge until the Meiji period around 1870.

Significant works

Buddhist

  • Nihon Ryōiki :
    116 early Buddhist legends, compiledby the cleric Kyōkai (景 戒 ) before 822. In Hentai- Kanbun written style. Generally considered to be the first work of this genre.
  • Sambō Ekotoba (三宝 絵 詞 , German: "Three gems in words and images"):
    In three volumes, Eikan 2nd year (984) by Minamoto no Tamenori (源 為 憲 , † 1011) Sino-Japanese: Iken, hence the name of The book Ikenki, written for a daughter of Reizei- Tennō, is chronologically close to Nihon Ryōiki, from which it takes parts word-for-word, but already differs characteristically on the outside, in that it is mainly written in Kana and accordingly the language isdifferent.
    The first volume is devoted to Buddhist antiquity, i. H. the time before Japanese Buddhism, especially Shaka , the second of the Japanese Buddhist past, the third of the then present.
  • Hōmotsushū (1176)
  • Senjūshō (13th century)
  • Kankyo-no-tomo (1222)
  • Hosshinshu (1257)
  • Shasekishū (砂石 集 ):
    started in 1279, completed in 1283; Mujū Ichien (無 住 一 圓 , 1226–1312), who wandered through the most varied of teaching directions and finally turned to Zen , speaks here in 10 volumes about the most varied of Buddhism in the sense of the Buddhist-religious people of the Kamakura period. Mujū then lived in Chōbo-ji in Owari Province .
  • Zodanshū (1305)
  • also the group of Ōjōden , in which people who have achieved rebirth in the “ Pure Land of the West ” (Paradise of Amida) are reported. Ua Jui ōjōden ( 拾遺 往生 傳 ; approx. 1110–12); Nippon-ōjō-gokuraku-ki ( 日本 往生 極 楽 記 ) by Yoshihige no Yasutane , date of origin: 983-88.

Profane

  • Konjaku Monogatarishū (今昔 物語 集 )
    Formerlyattributed to Minamoto no Takakuni (1004–77), mainly at the time of Go-Reizei Tenno, written in theKohei era (1058–65). Today one assumes an unknown author, probably Tachibana no Narisue . Date of origin: 1106-10 [resp. 13th century], with numerous later additions. The term konjaku refers to the recurring initial phrase of these stories (konjaku = ima wa mukashi = once upon a time ... ). A total of over 1100 stories in 31 volumes.
  • Gōdanshō (around 1105)
  • Kohon Setsuwashū (around 1130)
  • Uchigikishū (around 1134)
  • Kojidan (around 1215) and Zoku-Kojidan (around 1219)
  • Jikkinshō (1252)
  • Kokonchomonshū (古今 著 聞 集 ; Preface 1254; “Collection of well-known stories from ancient times and present”):
    Composed in 20 volumes by Tachibana no Narisue (橘 成 季 )

literature

General

  • 永 藤 靖 （な が ふ じ や す し） (2003) 『古代 仏 教 説話 の 方法 - 霊 異 記 か ら 験 記 へ』 三 弥 井 書店 、 東京 , ISBN 4-8382-3120-2 .
  • Li, Michelle Ilene Osterfeld. Ambiguous bodies: Reading the Grotesque in Japanese Setsuwa Tales . Stanford University Press, Stanford, Calif. 2009. , ISBN 978-0-8047-5975-5 .

Nihon Ryōiki

  • Hermann Bohner : Nippon-koku Gembō Zenaku Ryōiki (Nihon Ryō-i-ki) legends from the early days of Japanese Buddhism. Tōkyō 1934; Sert .: Communications of the German Society for Natural and Ethnographic East Asia ; Vol. 27. (Reprint: Johnson Reprint, New York, London 1965)
  • Dykstra Yoshiko; A study of the Nippon-koku-gembō-Zenaku-Ryō-i-ki; UMI, Ann Arbor 1974. (Diss. UCLA 1974)
  • Jacqueline Golay: A study of Setsuwa Literature with Emphasis on the Nihon ryōiki ("Second part… consists of the [French] translation of nine tales from the Ryōiki") University of British Columbia, Vancouver 1970. (Diss.)
  • 河野 貴 美 子 『日本 霊 異 記 と 中国 の 伝 承』 勉 誠 社 、 東京 , 1996, ISBN 4-585-03046-8 .
  • Maruyama Akinori: Nihon ryōiki setsuwa no kenkyū. Ofūsha, Tōkyō 1992.

Konjaku monogatari

  • Ingrid Schuster (ex.), Horst Hammitzsch (ed.): Tales of ancient Japan: From the Konjaku-Monogatari . Reclam, Stuttgart 1966. 71 (partial edition)
  • Satoshi Tsukakoshi, Jōichi Nagano, Max Niehans (practice): Konjaku: Old Japanese stories from the people of the Heian period . [Assumption. Author:] Takakuni Minamoto, Niehans, Zurich 1958
  • Hans Eckardt: The Kokonchomonshū of Tachibana Narisue as a source of music history . Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1956, Sert .: Göttingen Asian research, 16 [parts of chap. 6]

Cocoon chomonjū

  • Niels Gülberg: Shakyamuni's teaching in the eyes of Tachibana no Narisue - reflections on the cocoon chomonjū. In: Stanca Scholz-Cionca (Ed.): Traces of water, Festschrift for Wolfram Naumann on his 65th birthday. Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden 1997, pp. 190-208.
  • Yoshiko Dykstra: Notable Tales Old and New: Tachibana Narisue's Kokon Chomonjū. In: Monumenta Nipponica . 47 (4), 1992, pp. 469-493. (17 stories)

Shasekishu

  • Jacqueline Golay (1934-): Le Shasekishu, miroir d'une personnalité, miroir d'une êpoque. microform, 1976. (Diss. University of British Columbia, 1975)
  • Robert E. Morrell: Representative translations and summaries from the Shasekishu [microform] - with commentary and critical introduction. Stanford, CA 1969. (Diss. Stanford University; Ann Arbor, Mich. 1969.)
  • Robert E. Morrell: Sand and pebbles (Shasekishū): the tales of Mujū Ichien, a voice for pluralism in Kamakura Buddhism. State University of New York Press, Albany 1985, ISBN 0-88706-059-5 .
  • Hartmut Rotermund ( trans. And arrangement ): Collection de sable et de pierres - Shasekishū. Gallimard, Paris 1979.

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