Shibusawa Keizo

Shibusawa Keizo

Shibusawa Keizō ( Japanese 渋 沢 敬 三 , Kyūjitai : 澁 澤 敬 三 ; * August 25, 1896 ; † October 25, 1963 in Kumamoto , Kumamoto Prefecture ) was a patron of folklore research in Japan and Minister of Finance in the Shidehara cabinet .

biography

Shibusawa Keizô is the grandson of Shibusawa Eiichi , a wealthy banker and philanthropist. He became known as a patron of folklore in Japan. Shibusawa was interested in ethnology even in his youth. He studied folklore and biology. With his collection of youth, souvenirs, newspaper articles and fossils, he founded the art and science club in 1921, which was called the Attic Museum. From then on he started collecting folkloric articles seriously, and objects were added later. The Attic Museum was later renamed the "Institute for Folklore Research". It thus became the prototype of the National Museum of Ethnology , which was founded in 1974. From 1922 to 1925 he lived in London. He called himself Saigyodō in his writings .

A very important turning point and break in Shibusawa's life were the first 1930s, especially in 1931, when his grandfather Shibusawa Eiichi and in 1932 his outcast son and Keizō's father, Tokuji, died. Keizō, who has meanwhile been appointed to the management board of Daiichi ginkō (predecessor of today's Mizuho Corporate Bank ), could no longer withstand the heavy burden and responsibility of entrepreneurial duties as head of the family and allowed himself a cure on the Izu peninsula south of the capital between January and May 1932 . During the stay at the spa he was enthusiastic about historical sources that he found on site, around 2700 documents from the period from the Eishō era (1504–1521) to the Meiji period (1868–1911). From these studies, the four-volume Zushū Uchiura gyomin shiryō ( 豆 州 内 浦 漁民 史料 "Historical sources on the fishing people of Uchiura on the Izu peninsula"), which was awarded the renowned Nihon nōgyōshō ( 日本 農業 賞 "Japanese Agricultural Prize") in 1940 .

In 1944 he was head of the Bank of Japan, then Finance Minister of Japan in the first post-war cabinet under Prime Minister Shidehara Kijūrō . As finance minister he headed z. B. the smashing of the Zaibatsu , where he began exemplary with his own family. At the same time he was chairman of the Japanese Folklore Society and the Anthropological Association of Japan. He promoted the development of ethnological studies. He was later banned from working and was a member of 30 supervisory boards.

He promoted archeology and biology (primate research), especially Oka Masao , Chie Nakane and Amino Yoshihiko . He lost a lot of money through the zaibatsu and land reforms, but he continued to promote the training of folklorists at the Attic Museum and made monetary gifts to the Japanese Society of Ethnology.

Shibusawa Keizō died on October 25, 1963 in Kumamoto after long suffering from diabetes and kidney failure . However, his wide view outlasted the numerous volumes of condolence and memoirs that appeared after his death.

proof

• Asahi Jinbutsu Jiten (Asahi Biographical Dictionary) ( Asahi Shinbun )
• Zusetsu: Taisho Showa kurashi no hakubutushi - Minzokugaku no chichi , Shibusawa Keizo via the Attic Museum
• History of Life in Taisho and Showa: The Father of Folklore, Keizo Shibusawa and the Attic Museum (Kawade Shobo Shinsha)

literature

• Amino, Yoshihiko, Shibusawa Masahide, Ninohei Tokuo, Hayami Akira, Yamaguchi Kazuo and Yamaguchi Tetsu (eds.) (1992/93): Shibusawa Keizō chosaku-shū (Collected Works by Shibusawa Keizō, four volumes). Tōkyō: Heibon-sha.

Works by Shibusawa

• Shibusawa, Keizō (1933): Saigyodō zatsuroku [various records]. Tōkyō: Kyōdo kenkyū-sha.
• Shibusawa, Keizō (1936): Nihon minzoku to gyogyō [The Japanese people and the fishery]. Tōkyō: Ryūmon-sha.
• Shibusawa, Keizō (1938): Saigyodō shooku tosho mokuroku [directory of the private library]. Two volumes. Tōkyō: Attic Museum.
• Shibusawa, Keizō (1942): Nihon gyomei shūran [Directory of Japanese Fish Names] (= Attic Museum ihō, 52). Volume 1. Tōkyō: Attic Museum.
• Shibusawa, Keizō (1943): Gyomei ni kansuru jakkan no kōsatsu [Some tiny reflections on fish names] (= Nihon jōmin bunka kenkyū-sho ihō, 59 (3) [NJBKS notifications, 59 (3)]). Tōkyō: Nihon jōminbunka kenkyū-sho.
• Shibusawa, Keizō (1944): Nihon gyomei shūran [Directory of Japanese Fish Names] (= Attic Museum ihō, 58). Volume 2. Tōkyō: Attic Museum.
• Shibusawa, Keizō (1954): Saigyodō zakkō [Various thoughts of Saigyodō (= Shibusawa Keizō)]. Tōkyō: Oka shoin.
• Shibusawa, Keizō (1959): Nihon gyomei no kenkyū [fish names of Japan]. Tōkyō: Kadokawa shot.
• Shibusawa, Keizō (1961): Kenpo tōbō-roku [records of a stray dog ​​bumping into sticks]. Original Part of Saigyodō zakkō, 1954. 1961: Kadokawa shoten.
• Shibusawa, Keizō (1962): Nihon chōgyo gijutsu shōkō [reflections on fishing techniques in Japan]. Tōkyō: Kadokawa shot.

Similar publications

• Sano, Shinichi (1996): Tabi suru kyojin: Shibusawa Keizō to Miyamoto Tsuneichi (traveling giants: Shibusawa Keizō and Miyamoto Tsuneichi). Tōkyō: Bungei shunju.
• Miyamoto, Tsuneichi (1978): Shibusawa Keizō: Minzokugaku no soshikisha (Shibusawa Keizō: founder of Minzokugaku (ethnology)) (= Nihon minzoku bunka taikei, 3 [collection on the folk culture of Japan, 3]). Tōkyō: Kōdansha.
• Sano, Shinichi (1998): Shibusawa-ke san-dai (Three generations of the Shibusawa family) (= Bungei shinsho, 15). Tōkyō: Bungei shunju.
• Shibusawa, Masahide (1966): Chichi, Shibusawa Keizō [My father: Shibusawa Keizō]. Tōkyō: Jitsugyō no Nihon-sha.
• Wilhelm, Johannes Harumi (2009): Resource Management in Japanese Inshore Fisheries. Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Philosophical Faculty. Norderstedt: BoD. (Chapter 2.1.2.2., Including an extensive bibliography on Shibusawa's folklore work)
• Yamaguchi, Kazuo (1992): Shibusawa Keizō, hito to shigoto. Senzen o chūshin ni (Shibusawa Keizō: person and work, especially during the pre-war period). In: Amino, Yoshihiko, Shibusawa Masahide, Ninohei Tokuo, Hayami Akira, Yamaguchi Kazuo and Yamaguchi Tetsu (eds.): Shibusawa Keizō chosaku-shū, 1 (Collected Works of Shibusawa Keizō, Volume 1). Tōkyō: Heibon-sha. pp. 623-644.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Shibusawa, Keizō (1937): Zushū Uchiura gyomin shiryō. Jō-kan (Historical sources on the fishing people of Uchiura on the Izu peninsula, Volume 1) (= Attic Museum ihō, 20). Tōkyō: Attic Museum.
2. ↑ Shibusawa, Keizō (1938): Zushū Uchiura gyomin shiryō. Chū-kan-yuki 1 ("Historical sources on the fishing people of Uchiura on the peninsula" Izu, vol. 2 (middle volume 1)) (= Attic Museum ihō, 24). Tōkyō: Attic Museum.
3. ↑ Shibusawa, Keizō (1938): Zushū Uchiura gyomin shiryō. Chū-kan-yuki 2 ("Historical sources on the fishing people of Uchiura on the Izu peninsula", Vol. 3 (Middle Volume 2)) (= Attic Museum ihō, 33). Tōkyō: Attic Museum.
4. ↑ Shibusawa, Keizō (1939): Zushū Uchiura gyomin shiryō, ge-kan ("Historical sources on the fishing people of Uchiura on the Izu peninsula", Vol. 4 (lower volume)) (= Attic Museum ihō, 42). Tōkyō: Attic Museum.

Japanese name: As is common in Japan, the family name comes before the first name in this article . Thus Shibusawa is the family name, Keizō the first name.