Shidehara cabinet

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Shidehara cabinet
44. Cabinet
第 44 代 内閣 daiyonjūyon-dai naikaku
Shidehara cabinet in front of the Reichstag building
Prime Minister
Naikaku Sōri-Daijin 		Shidehara Kijūrō
choice Abg.haus: 1946
mansion: by-elections
Legislative period 89th Reichstag (21st Abg.haus , 8th Herrenhaus )
Appointed by Shōwa - Tennō
education October 9, 1945
The End May 22, 1946
Duration 0 years and 225 days
predecessor Higashikuni cabinet
successor Cabinet Yoshida I
composition
Party (s) FPJ , LPJ , mansion, officials
minister 16
representation
Mansion  ? / 418
House of Representatives  ? / 466

The Shidehara cabinet ( Japanese Shidehara naikaku ) ruled Japan, which was occupied by Prime Minister Baron Shidehara Kijūrō after the Second World War under SCAP Douglas MacArthur , from October 9, 1945 to May 22, 1946. It was the penultimate cabinet of the Japanese Empire .

Shidehara was appointed prime minister after the Higashikuni interim cabinet resigned at the beginning of October 1945 because of what it saw as too radical democratization measures by the occupation administration. The cabinet was not yet clearly partisan, even if many ministers became members of the two successors of the two large bourgeois pre-war parties, the Seiyūkai → Liberal Party and Minseitō → Progressive Party , which formed in 1945/46 , or were members of one of the parliamentary groups that were traditionally allied with one of the two parties were. Many politicians, especially from the FPJ, which consisted to a greater extent than the LPJ of pre-war and wartime politicians, were excluded from public offices ("cleaned") by the occupation administration (SCAP / GHQ) from 1946 onwards because they assumed shared responsibility for the war, including several ministers in the Shidehara cabinet.

In addition to the necessities resulting directly from the war, such as the demobilization and dissolution of the army and navy, supply shortages and initial reconstruction measures, the most important task was the development of a new post-war order in the form of a new constitution, which, according to the original idea of ​​the SCAP, should arise from a Japanese initiative. Like many of the politicians favored by SCAP, Shidehara also came from the conservative ruling class of the prewar period, which helped ensure continuity and internal stability, but at the same time meant that the fundamental changes in the political and legal system demanded by the SCAP were not or only tentatively tackled.

The draft constitution drawn up under Shidehara was rejected by the SCAP as unacceptable and ultimately replaced by its own draft, even if at that time a mere public mention of the direct SCAP influence was the subject of the CCD censorship. Before the adoption of this new constitution in the Reichstag, the 22nd parliamentary elections took place in April 1946 ; there were also by-elections and other new appointments to the manor house in 1946 , after many members had also been “purged” there; the regular 9th nobility elections, which were actually due in the summer of 1946, were no longer held in view of the foreseeable abolition. In the House of Representatives election, the Liberal Party was the strongest party. Their party chairman Hatoyama Ichirō was initially charged with the formation of a new government, but was rejected by Douglas MacArthur at this time and in early May 1946 also "purged". Instead, Foreign Minister Yoshida Shigeru took over the government with the Yoshida I cabinet on May 22, 1946.

Shidehara Cabinet - from October 9, 1945 to May 22, 1946
Restructuring of the central government on December 1, 1945
The occupation authorities were banned from office from January 13, 1946
Office
until December 1, 1945 		Office
from December 1, 1945 		Surname chamber Parliamentary group / party
prime minister Shidehara Kijūrō Mansion Dōwakai → Progressive Party of Japan (FPJ)
Foreign minister Yoshida Shigeru - → mansion - → Liberal Party of Japan (LPJ)
Interior minister Horikiri Zenjirō until January 13, 1946
Mitsuchi Chūzō from January 13, 1946 		Mansion
mansion		 Kenkyūkai
Kenkyūkai
Finance minister Vice Count Shibusawa Keizō Mansion Kenkyūkai
Army Minister abolished Shimomura Sadamu - -
- First Minister of Demobilization ( 第一 復員 大臣 ) Shidehara Kijūrō Mansion FPJ
Naval Minister abolished Yonai Mitsumasa - -
- Second Minister of Demobilization ( 第二 復員 大臣 ) Shidehara Kijūrō Mansion FPJ
Minister of Justice Iwata Chūzō Mansion Dōwakai
Minister of Education Maeda Tamon until January 13, 1946
Abe Yoshishige from January 13, 1946 		Mansion
mansion		 Dōseikai
Dōseikai
Minister for Health and Social Affairs Ashida Hitoshi House of Representatives LPJ
Minister for Agriculture and Forests Matsumura Kenzō until January 13, 1946
Soejima Sempachi from January 13, 1946 		House of Representatives
-		 FPJ
-
Minister for Trade and Industry Ogasawara Sankurō House of Representatives FPJ
Minister of transport Tanaka Takeo until January 13, 1946
Mitsuchi Chūzō
Murakami Giichi from January 26, 1946 		House of Representatives
mansion
-		 FPJ
Kenkyūkai
-
President of the Authority for the Elimination of War Damage
( 戦 災 復興 院 総 裁 sensai fukkō-in sōsai ) from November 5, 1945 		Kobayashi Ichizo Mansion Independent Club
Minister of State, Head of the Cabinet Legislative Office Narahashi Wataru until January 13, 1946
Ishiguro Takeshige from January 13, 1946 		House of Representatives
-		 -
-
Minister of State, Chief Cabinet Secretary Tsugita Daisaburō until January 13, 1946
Narahashi Wataru from January 13, 1946 		Manor
House of Representatives		 Dōseikai
-
Minister of State Matsumoto Jōji Mansion Independent Club

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Akio Nakai: The "demilitarization" of Japan and the "denazification" of Germany after 1945 in comparison. In: Contributions to conflict research: basic information. 18 (1988) 2, pp. 5-21.
Japanese name: As is common in Japan, the family name comes before the first name in this article . Thus Shidehara is the family name, Kijūrō the first name.