Siemens 2002

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Siemens 2002 in the computer museum of the Kiel University of Applied Sciences

The Siemens 2002 was a computer manufactured by Siemens & Halske in the mid-1950s . For the first time in Germany only transistors were used as active components.

history

After Siemens & Halske decided in 1954 to get into data processing , the development of corresponding devices began. A first prototype was completed as early as 1956. The system was designed as a universal computer for commercial and technical-scientific use. In 1959, the delivery of the devices began. The Siemens 2002 was manufactured until 1966.

As early as 1963 there was a successor model Siemens 3003 , and in 1968 a Siemens 4004-45 . The latter, however, was a license replica of the RCA Spectra 70 (from 1965, later UNIVAC Series 70), whose non-privileged machine instruction set was compatible with the System / 360 from IBM.

Locations

Although production was discontinued in 1966, 39 systems were still installed in the fall of 1971, including at the following facilities:

Today there are exhibits that are no longer functional in the following museums:

Machine architecture

S2002 core memory double matrix , 20 times 50 = 1,000 ferrite cores approx. 3 mm in diameter are arranged as a matrix and store 1 bit per core
Opened cabinet of the central unit, Siemens 2002 in the computer museum of the Kiel University of Applied Sciences

Storage

The system used memory words and registers with one sign and 12 decimal digits. Internally, each decimal digit was represented by 4 bits . Since 16 different states can be represented with 4 bits, but only 10 are needed for a decimal digit, this meant a certain "waste" at a time when hardware was still extremely expensive. The main memory was implemented as a magnetic core memory , it was available with capacities of 1,000, 5,000 or 10,000 words , the access time was 14 µs. As an optional extension, there was a drum memory with 10,000 words and an average access time of 19 ms. Various peripheral devices such as paper tape machines , sheet writers , punch card machines , magnetic tapes and high-speed printers could be connected.

A word could be interpreted in 4 different ways:

  1. as a twelve-digit fixed point number,
  2. as floating point number with 10-digit mantissa and 2-digit characteristic (for the exponent),
  3. as an order,
  4. as an alphanumeric expression for 6 characters (each represented by two decimal digits).

register

The system had the following arithmetic and control registers with word length (i.e. signed and 12 decimal places):

  • AR accumulative register
  • QR quotient multiplier register
  • DR divisor register
  • BR command register
  • SR storage register

and next to it some registers with only 5 decimal places for addressing:

  • IR1, IR2, IR3 index registers
  • BZR (IR4) command counter register
  • ADR address register

Commands

The more than 80 different machine commands had 3-digit numerical codes, which were represented with three capital letters. There were a number of special commands for the input / output of punched cards and strips. Some typical commands were: 

000 NOP  No OPeration
055 ADD  FestkommaADDition
444 TAS  Transfer Aus zum Speicher
555 TEP  Transfer Ein Plus
122 SPR  Sprungbefehl
522 SGN  SprinGe falls Negativ
411 SIR  Speichere IndexRegister

Basic software

The operating system ORG was used in 2002, and as programming languages could PROSA 2002 , POESIA, MAGNUS 2002 or Algol 60 are used. The ALGOL translator ALCOR MAINZ 2002, written by Ursula Hill-Samelson and Hans Langmaack , allowed the practical use of this language from spring 1962, especially in the academic field.

Manuals

  • Data processing system 2002; Commands for control unit, arithmetic unit, magnetic drum, punched tape input and output and analog display device. Command list, NV Bs 9/1, March 1964, Siemens & Halske AG
  • Data processing system 2002; Punch card commands. Command list, NV Bs 9/2, June 1964, Siemens & Halske AG
  • ditto: magnetic tape commands, NV Bs 9/3
  • ALGOL manual; Translator ALCOR MAINZ 2002, 2K and ALCOR MAINZ 2002, 5K for the data processing system 2002. Description NV Bs 36/1, July 1964, Siemens & Halske AG

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Siemens computer overview
  2. ↑ Erlangen Computer Science Collection
  3. ↑ computermuseum muenchen , accessed on February 10, 2013

Web links