Simbar-šīpak

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Simbar-šīpak (formerly also read as Simbar-šīḫu ), son of Eriba-Sîn, was around 1025-1008 BC. King of Babylon as the founder of the Second Sealand Dynasty , which replaced the Second Dynasty of Isin .

title

Simbar-šīpak held the title of king of all .

swell

Only three inscriptions from this ruler are known. Only two copies of a consecration inscription on the throne of Enlil from the temple Eurrentigal in Nippur have come down to us. It describes the devastation of the temples in Sippar and Nippur by the plundering Suti and Aramaeans during the reign of Adad-apla-iddina . These events are also described in the Eclectic Chronicle , which also mentions raids on Dēr and Dūr-Kurigalzu .

The other two are owner's inscriptions. One of them comes from a 75 cm long bronze Luristan dagger (Archaeological Museum of Tabriz , Iran) and names Simbar-šīpak as the owner of the weapon. This type of inscription is also known from previous kings of the 2nd Isin Dynasty and the Bazi Dynasty . The dagger has a handle made of bronze, the edge strips to accommodate the actual handle scales made of organic material. The inscription is on the blade, just below the handle. The dagger comes from Maragheh not far from Lake Urmi in the province of East Azerbaijan .

Another owner's inscription of the Simbar-šīpak can be found on a bronze arrowhead with an unknown location. Bronze weapons with a royal owner's inscription are interpreted either as gifts of honor for mercenaries or as stolen gifts of consecration. Radner and Kroll advocate consecration by Simbar-šīpak and the kings of the II dynasty of Isin to a sanctuary on the Iranian highlands.

A Kudurru is known from the reign of Simbar-šīpak . Simbar-šīpak is also mentioned on the Šamaš tablet from Sippar. The inscription describes the loss of the cult image of Šamaš from the Ebabbar in Sippar by plundering Suti . This meant that the cult of Šamaš could no longer be carried out according to the traditional rules. Simbar-šīpak had a search for the idol, but "Šamaš did not reveal himself" (i, 13-15). So he had a sun disk made and arranged for regular sacrifices to be made to it. He installed Ekur-šuma-ušarši as the sangu priest of Sippar (i 16-23). But already under his successor, Kaššu-nadin-aḫḫe (1007-1005), the victims were stopped because of a famine. Only Nabû-apla-iddina (approx. 887-855 BC) was able to drive the Suti out of Babylonia, and a correct model for a new cult statue of Šamaš was found.

literature

  • Karen Radner and Stephan Kroll, A bronze dagger of Simbar-Sipak of Babylon (1025-1008). Considerations about the dedication of weapons in the Middle East.
  • Kathryn E. Slanski, Classification, Historiography and Monumental Authority: The Babylonian Entitlement "narûs (kudurrus)". Journal of Cuneiform Studies 52, 2000, 95-114.
  • Christopher E. Woods, The Sun-God Tablet of Nabû-apla-iddina revisited. Journal of Cuneiform Studies 56, 2004, 23-103.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A. Goetze, An Inscription of Simbar-siḫu. Journal of Cuneiform Studies 19, 1965, 121-34
predecessor Office successor
Nabû-šumu-lībur King of Babylonia
1026–1008 BC Chr. 		Ea-mukīn-zēri
personal data
SURNAME Simbar-šīpak
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Si-im-bar-ši-pak; Simbar-šīḫu
BRIEF DESCRIPTION King of Babylon
DATE OF BIRTH 11th century BC Chr.
DATE OF DEATH 1008 BC Chr.