List of Babylonian kings

This list of Babylonian kings lists all known rulers of the Babylonian Empire .

Old Babylonian Empire

1st dynasty

	king	Reign	Remarks
1.	Sumu-abum	1894-1881 BC Chr.	14 years
2.	Sumu-la-El	1880-1845 BC Chr.	36 years
3.	Sabi'um	1844–1831 BC Chr.	14 years; Son of 2.
4th	Apil-Sîn	1830-1813 BC Chr.	18 years; Son of 3.
5.	Sîn-muballiṭ	1812-1793 BC Chr.	20 years; Son of 4.
6th	Ḫammurapi	1792-1750 BC Chr.	43 years; Son of 5.
7th	Samsu-ilūna	1749-1712 BC Chr.	38 years; Son of 6.
8th.	Abi-ēšuḫ	1711-1684 BC Chr.	28 years; Son of 7.
9.	Ammī-ditāna	1683-1647 BC Chr.	37 years; Son of 8.
10.	Ammi-ṣaduqa	1646-1626 BC Chr.	21 years
11.	Shamsu-ditana	1625-1595 BC Chr.	31 years
End of the 1st dynasty: Conquest of Babylon by Mursili I and the successor dynasty of the Kassites .

Central Babylonian Empire

2nd dynasty

Traditionally, the kings of the seaside are counted as the 2nd dynasty of Babylon, even though they probably never ruled the city or only for a short time.

Surname	Reign	comment
Gulkišar	1604-1602 BC Chr.	2 years after his death, Šamšu-ditana regained the throne

3rd dynasty (Kassite dynasty)

from ... to	Surname	comment
1595-1535 BC Chr.	Gandaš , Agum I. , Kaštiliaš I. , Ušši A-šú , Abī-Rattaš , Kaštiliaš II. , Urzigurumaš , Ḫarbe-Šipak and Tiptakzi	Maybe some of them ruled outside of Babylon rather than in Babylon. Whether Gandaš or Kaštiliaš I was the first king is disputed. According to other theses, none of the named ruled Babylon. Which Kassite king took over afterwards, or whether the first sealand dynasty ruled over Babylon for a short time, is unclear due to a lack of sources.
1535-1510 BC Chr.	Agum II. Kakrime	Exact government data are missing
1510-1490 BC Chr.	Burna-buriaš I.	Exact government data are missing
1490-1465 BC Chr.	Kaštiliaš III.	Exact government data are missing
?	Ulam-buriaš	Government data are missing
1465-1415 BC Chr.	Agum III.	Exact government data are missing
1415-1403 BC Chr.	Kara-indaš	Exact government data are missing
1403-1390 BC Chr.	Kadašman Ḫarbe I.	Exact government data are missing
1390-1374 BC Chr.	Kuri-galzu I.	Exact government data are missing
1374-1359 BC Chr.	Kadašman-Enlil I.	15 years
1359-1333 BC Chr.	Burna-buriaš II.	26 years old, Amenhotep III's start in the 36th year .
1333 BC Chr.	Kara-Hardaš	1 year
1333 BC Chr.	Nazi Bugaš	1 year
1332-1307 BC Chr.	Kuri-galzu II.	25 years
1307-1282 BC Chr.	Nazi Maruttaš	26 years
1281-1264 BC Chr.	Kadašman-Turgu	18 years
1263-1254 BC Chr.	Kadašman-Enlil II.	9 years, starting in the 16th year of Ramses II.
1254-1245 BC Chr.	Kudur-Enlil I.	9 years
1245-1232 BC Chr.	Šagarakti-šuriaš	13 years
1232-1225 BC Chr.	Kaštiliaš IV.	7 years,
Tukulti-Ninurta I. conquers Babylon and ends the 1st Kassite dynasty

3rd Dynasty (2nd Kassite Dynasty)

Reign	Surname	comment
1225-1224 BC Chr.	Tukulti-Ninurta I.	1 year, Assyrian king
1224-1223 BC Chr.	Enlil-nādin-šumi	1 year, Assyrian governor
1223-1222 BC Chr.	Kadašman Ḫarbe II.	1 year
1222-1216 BC Chr.	Adad-šuma-iddina	6 years
1216-1186 BC Chr.	Adad-šuma-uṣur	30 years
1186-1171 BC Chr.	Meli-šipak	15 years
1171-1159 BC Chr.	Marduk-apla-iddina I.	13 years
1159-1158 BC Chr.	Zababa-šuma-iddina	1 year
1158-1155 BC Chr.	Enlil-nādin-aḫi	3 years
End of the Kassite dynasty: Elamite invasion 1155 BC By Šutruk-Naḫḫunte II.

4th dynasty (2nd dynasty of Isin)

Reign	Surname	comment
1155-1137 BC Chr.	Marduk-kābit-aḫḫēšu	18 years, the capital moved from Babylon to Isin
1137-1129 BC Chr.	Itti-Marduk-balāṭu	8 years
1129-1123 BC Chr.	Ninurta-nādin-šumi	6 years
1123-1101 BC Chr.	Nabû-kudurrī-uṣur I. (Nebuchadnezzar)	22 years
1101-1097 BC Chr.	Enlil-nādin-apli	4 years
1097-1079 BC Chr.	Marduk-nādin-aḫḫē	18 years
1079-1066 BC Chr.	Marduk-šāpik-zēri	13 years
1066-1044 BC Chr.	Adad-apla-iddina	22 years
1044 BC Chr.	Marduk-aḫḫē-erība	1 year
1044-1032 BC Chr.	Marduk-zēra-x	12 years
1032-1024 BC Chr.	Nabû-šumu-lībur	8 years

5th dynasty ( 2nd sealand dynasty )

Reign	Surname	comment
1024-1006 BC Chr.	Simbar-šīpak (Simbar-šīhu)	18 years
1006 BC Chr.	Ea-mukīn-zēri	5 months, usurper
1006-1003 BC Chr.	Kaššu-nādin-aḫi	3 years

6th Dynasty ( Dynasty of Bazi )

Reign	Surname	comment
1003-986 BC Chr.	Eulmaš-šākin-šumi	17 years
986-983 BC Chr.	Ninurta-kudurrī-uṣur II.	3 years
983 BC Chr.	Širikti-Šuqamuna	3 months, brother of the previous one?

7th Dynasty ( Elamite Dynasty )

Reign	Surname	comment
983-977 BC Chr.	Mār-bīti-apla-uṣur

8/9 dynasty

Reign	Surname	comment
979-943	Nabû-mukīn-apli
943 (8 months)	Ninurta-kudurrī-uṣur II.	Son of the previous one
approx. 943 – approx. 900 (?)	Mār-bīti-aḫḫē-iddina
approx. 900	Šamaš-mudammiq
899-887	Nabû-šuma-ukīn I.
887-851	Nabû-apla-iddina	Son of the previous one
851-824	Marduk-zākir-šumi I.	Son of the previous one
823 - approx. 813	Marduk-balāssu-iqbi
from approx. 813	Baba-aḫa-iddina
A few "kingless" years followed, as well as rulers unknown by name.
?	Ninurta-apla-x
?	Marduk-bēl-zēri
782-770	Marduk-apla-uṣur	Chaldeans ( Bit Jakin )
770-760	Erība-Marduk	Chaldeans ( Bit Jakin )
760-747	Nabû-šuma-iškun	Chaldeans ( Bit Dakkuri )
747-733	Nabû-naṣir
733-732 / 731	Nabû-nādin-zēri	Son of the previous one
732/731 (1 month)	Nabu-šuma-ukin II.	usurper
731-729	Nabû-mukīn-zēri	Chaldeans ( Bit Amukani )
From 729/728 BC. Babylonia came under the rule of Assyria.

10th Dynasty ( Assyrian Dynasty )

	king	Reign	Remarks
19th	Tukulti-apil-Ešarra III. (Pūlu)	728-726 BC Chr.	biblical: Tiglath Pileser; 2 years
20th	Salmānu-ašarēd V. (Ulūlāja)	726-721 BC Chr.	biblical: Shalmaneser; 5 years; Son of 19.
21./25.	Marduk-apla-iddina II.	721-710 BC Chr.	biblical: Merodach-Baladan; 25 years
22nd	Sarru-kīn II.	709-705 BC Chr.	biblical: Sargon; 4 years
23./30.	Sîn-aḫḫe-eriba	705-703 BC Chr.	Sennacherib; 2 years, son of 22.
24.	Marduk-zakir-šumi II.	703 BC Chr.	1 month
21./25.	Marduk-apla-iddina II.	703 BC Chr.	renewed rule, 9 months
26th	Bel-ibni	703-700 BC Chr.	3 years
27.	Aššur-nadin-šumi	700-694 BC Chr.	6 years; Son of 23.
28.	Nergal-usezib	693-693 BC Chr.	1 year
29	Mušezib-Marduk	692-689 BC Chr.	3 years
23./30.	Sîn-aḫḫe-eriba	689-680 BC Chr.	renewed rule, 9 years; Son of 22.
31.	Aššur-aḫḫe-iddina	680-669 BC Chr.	Asarhaddon; 11 years; Son from 23./30.
32.	Aššur-bāni-apli	669-668 BC Chr.	Ashurbanipal; 1 year; Son of 31.
33.	Šamaš-šuma-ukin	668-648 BC Chr.	20 years; Son of 31, brother of 32.
34.	Kandalanu	648-627 BC Chr.	21 years
35.	Sin-šumu-lišir	627-627 BC Chr.	some months
36.	Sîn-šarru-iškun	627-626 BC Chr.	some months
626 BC Chr. Broke after a Babylonian revolt in Nippur , the Assyrian rule together.

New Babylonian Empire

11th dynasty

Reign	Surname	comment
626-605 BC Chr.	Nabû-apla-uṣur (Nabopolassar)
604-562 BC Chr.	Nabû-kudurrī-uṣur II (Nebuchadnezzar)	Son of the previous one
561-560 BC Chr.	Amēl-Marduk	Son of the previous one
559-556 BC Chr.	Nergal-šarra-uṣur	Son-in-law of Nebuchadnezzar II.
556 BC Chr.	Lābāši-Marduk	Son of the previous one
555-539 BC Chr.	Nabû-nā'id (Nabonid)
552-543 BC Deputy of Nabonidus	Bel-šarru-uṣur	Son of Nabonidus
539 BC Conquest of Babylonia by the Persian great king Cyrus II , who a year later has his son Cambyses II formally crowned king

Short-term successors 522-521 BC BC and 484 BC Chr.

Reign	Surname	comment
522 BC Chr.	Nebuchadnezzar III. (Nidintu-Bel)	usurper
521 BC Chr.	Nebuchadnezzar IV (Aracha)	usurper
484 BC Chr.	Šamaš-eriba	usurper
484 BC Chr.	Bēl-šimānni	Usurper; only in Borsippa and Dilbat

See also

Chronicle of the Early Kings (ABC 20)

literature

• Albert K. Grayson : King Lists and Chronicles. In: Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Aräologie . Volume 6: Lamentation - Lebanon. de Gruyter, Berlin 1980-1983, ISBN 3-11-010051-7 , pp. 102-120.

Notes and evidence

1. ^ Neil Zimmerer: The Chronology of Genesis: A Complete History of the Nefilim. Adventures Unlimited Press, Kempton IL 2003, ISBN 1-931882-22-3 , p. 69.
2. ^ Neil Zimmerer: The Chronology of Genesis: A Complete History of the Nefilim. Adventures Unlimited Press, Kempton IL 2003, ISBN 1-931882-22-3 , p. 70.
3. ^ ^{A b} Neil Zimmerer: The Chronology of Genesis: A Complete History of the Nefilim. Adventures Unlimited Press, Kempton IL 2003, ISBN 1-931882-22-3 , p. 71.
4. ^ ^{A b c} Neil Zimmerer: The Chronology of Genesis: A Complete History of the Nefilim. Adventures Unlimited Press, Kempton IL 2003, ISBN 1-931882-22-3 , p. 72.
5. ↑ Royal Chronicle
6. ↑ ^{a b} Michael P. Streck : Nebuchadnezzar III. and IV. In: Reallexicon of Assyriology and Near Eastern Archeology. Volume 9: Nab - Nuzi. de Gruyter, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-11-017296-8 , p. 206.
7. ↑ ^{a b} Erlend Gehlken: Šamaš-eriba. In: Real Lexicon of Assyriology and Near Eastern Archeology. Volume 11: Prince, Princess - Samug. de Gruyter, Berlin 2006-2008, ISBN 978-3-11-020383-7 , p. 615 f.