Gulkišar

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Gulkišar (Gul-ki-šár, "destroyer of the universe"; * before 1601 BC; † around 1547 BC) was the sixth ruler of the first Meerland dynasty (bala ŠEŠ.ḪA (A) (list of kings A ) or bala ŠEŠ.kù.ki (list B), which ruled southern Mesopotamia . He ruled 55 years according to the Babylonian king list . Little more is known about most of the kings than the name. It is usually dated to the 17th century BC. His name is Sumerian like that of other members of his dynasty, but Landsberger notes that the correct Sumerian name form would be Kišar-gul .

A synchronicity between Gulkišar and the Kassite king Gandaš comes from a clay tablet from the art trade that was allegedly found in Tell 'Umar, later Seleukia . The board contains a recipe for green lead glaze ( zukû ), which is written in a kind of secret script . The author consistently uses unusual characters and often ignores the ending vowel of a syllabic character. According to lines 39–43, the text comes from the possession of Liballiṯ (?) - Marduk, son of Uššur-an-Marduk, priest of d ŠA.ZU ( Marduk ) from Babylon (NUN.KI) and was published on the 24th day of Month Tebet written in a year of Gulkišar's reign (no regular year formula), Landsberger translates as "the year that followed the year Gulkišar took office". However, the signature and the date are generally considered to be forged and the document is assigned to the transcripts made for teaching purposes (scribe tradition). The script is also not Old Babylonian, but Kassite. The historical value of the document is therefore more than doubtful. Landsberger assumes that they wanted to make the recipe, supposedly saved from the fallen Babylon by a priest from the barbarians, more valuable.

Another mention of Gulkišar can be found in the preamble of a kudurru from the 4th year of reign of Enlil-nādin-apli , the 5th king of the 2nd dynasty of Isin (BE 1, no. 839). After that, 696 years had passed between the rule of his father Nabu-kudurri-usur I and the rule of Gulkišar, which, however, does not correspond to the traditional length of the Kassite rule. After another text Gulkišar gave the goddess Nina land in the area of the .

Landsberger Gulkišar will coincide with the Kassite kings of Ganda and I. Agum begin.

literature

  • Benno Landsberger: Assyrian King List and "Dark Age". , In: Journal of Cuneiform Studies 8/2 , 1954, pp. 47-73.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Dates according to medium chronology, see list of the kings of the sea country
  2. ^ CJ Gadd, R. Campbell Thompson : A Middle-Babylonian Chemical Text. Iraq 3/1 , 1936, 87
  3. ^ Benno Landsberger: Assyrian King List and "Dark Ages" , In: Journal of Cuneiform Studies 8/2 , 1954, 69
  4. ↑ BM 120960
  5. ^ CJ Gadd, R. Campbell Thompson: A Middle-Babylonian Chemical Text. Iraq 3/1 , 1936, 87-96
  6. ↑ Landsberger reads Le'i-kala-Marduk
  7. ^ A b Benno Landsberger: Assyrian King List and "Dark Ages" , In: Journal of Cuneiform Studies 8/2 , 1954, note 174d
  8. ↑ Benno Landsberger: Assyrische Königliste and "Dunkles Zeitalter" , In: Journal of Cuneiform Studies 8/2 , 1954, note 174d, p. 69
  9. ↑ Nadav Na'Aman: Statements of Time-Spans by Babylonian and Assyrian Kings and Mesopotamian Chronology. Iraq 46/2 , 1984, 119
  10. ^ Eduard Meyer : History of Antiquity , 454
predecessor Office successor
Šušši King of the Meerland dynasty
1601–1547 BC Chr. 		Išten
personal data
SURNAME Gulkišar
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Gul-ki-šár
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Ruler of the first Meerland dynasty
DATE OF BIRTH before 1601 BC Chr.
DATE OF DEATH uncertain: around 1547 BC Chr.