List of Babylonian kings
This list of Babylonian kings lists all known rulers of the Babylonian Empire .
Old Babylonian Empire
1st dynasty
king | Reign | Remarks | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | Sumu-abum | 1894-1881 BC Chr. | 14 years | ||||||
2. | Sumu-la-El | 1880-1845 BC Chr. | 36 years | ||||||
3. | Sabi'um | 1844–1831 BC Chr. | 14 years; Son of 2. | ||||||
4th | Apil-Sîn | 1830-1813 BC Chr. | 18 years; Son of 3. | ||||||
5. | Sîn-muballiṭ | 1812-1793 BC Chr. | 20 years; Son of 4. | ||||||
6th | Ḫammurapi | 1792-1750 BC Chr. | 43 years; Son of 5. | ||||||
7th | Samsu-ilūna | 1749-1712 BC Chr. | 38 years; Son of 6. | ||||||
8th. | Abi-ēšuḫ | 1711-1684 BC Chr. | 28 years; Son of 7. | ||||||
9. | Ammī-ditāna | 1683-1647 BC Chr. | 37 years; Son of 8. | ||||||
10. | Ammi-ṣaduqa | 1646-1626 BC Chr. | 21 years | ||||||
11. | Shamsu-ditana | 1625-1595 BC Chr. | 31 years | ||||||
End of the 1st dynasty: Conquest of Babylon by Mursili I and the successor dynasty of the Kassites . |
Central Babylonian Empire
2nd dynasty
Traditionally, the kings of the seaside are counted as the 2nd dynasty of Babylon, even though they probably never ruled the city or only for a short time.
Surname | Reign | comment |
---|---|---|
Gulkišar | 1604-1602 BC Chr. | 2 years after his death, Šamšu-ditana regained the throne |
3rd dynasty (Kassite dynasty)
from ... to | Surname | comment |
---|---|---|
1595-1535 BC Chr. | Gandaš , Agum I. , Kaštiliaš I. , Ušši A-šú , Abī-Rattaš , Kaštiliaš II. , Urzigurumaš , Ḫarbe-Šipak and Tiptakzi | Maybe some of them ruled outside of Babylon rather than in Babylon. Whether Gandaš or Kaštiliaš I was the first king is disputed. According to other theses, none of the named ruled Babylon. Which Kassite king took over afterwards, or whether the first sealand dynasty ruled over Babylon for a short time, is unclear due to a lack of sources. |
1535-1510 BC Chr. | Agum II. Kakrime | Exact government data are missing |
1510-1490 BC Chr. | Burna-buriaš I. | Exact government data are missing |
1490-1465 BC Chr. | Kaštiliaš III. | Exact government data are missing |
? | Ulam-buriaš | Government data are missing |
1465-1415 BC Chr. | Agum III. | Exact government data are missing |
1415-1403 BC Chr. | Kara-indaš | Exact government data are missing |
1403-1390 BC Chr. | Kadašman Ḫarbe I. | Exact government data are missing |
1390-1374 BC Chr. | Kuri-galzu I. | Exact government data are missing |
1374-1359 BC Chr. | Kadašman-Enlil I. | 15 years |
1359-1333 BC Chr. | Burna-buriaš II. | 26 years old, Amenhotep III's start in the 36th year . |
1333 BC Chr. | Kara-Hardaš | 1 year |
1333 BC Chr. | Nazi Bugaš | 1 year |
1332-1307 BC Chr. | Kuri-galzu II. | 25 years |
1307-1282 BC Chr. | Nazi Maruttaš | 26 years |
1281-1264 BC Chr. | Kadašman-Turgu | 18 years |
1263-1254 BC Chr. | Kadašman-Enlil II. | 9 years, starting in the 16th year of Ramses II. |
1254-1245 BC Chr. | Kudur-Enlil I. | 9 years |
1245-1232 BC Chr. | Šagarakti-šuriaš | 13 years |
1232-1225 BC Chr. | Kaštiliaš IV. | 7 years, |
Tukulti-Ninurta I. conquers Babylon and ends the 1st Kassite dynasty |
3rd Dynasty (2nd Kassite Dynasty)
Reign | Surname | comment |
---|---|---|
1225-1224 BC Chr. | Tukulti-Ninurta I. | 1 year, Assyrian king |
1224-1223 BC Chr. | Enlil-nādin-šumi | 1 year, Assyrian governor |
1223-1222 BC Chr. | Kadašman Ḫarbe II. | 1 year |
1222-1216 BC Chr. | Adad-šuma-iddina | 6 years |
1216-1186 BC Chr. | Adad-šuma-uṣur | 30 years |
1186-1171 BC Chr. | Meli-šipak | 15 years |
1171-1159 BC Chr. | Marduk-apla-iddina I. | 13 years |
1159-1158 BC Chr. | Zababa-šuma-iddina | 1 year |
1158-1155 BC Chr. | Enlil-nādin-aḫi | 3 years |
End of the Kassite dynasty: Elamite invasion 1155 BC By Šutruk-Naḫḫunte II. |
4th dynasty (2nd dynasty of Isin)
Reign | Surname | comment |
---|---|---|
1155-1137 BC Chr. | Marduk-kābit-aḫḫēšu | 18 years, the capital moved from Babylon to Isin |
1137-1129 BC Chr. | Itti-Marduk-balāṭu | 8 years |
1129-1123 BC Chr. | Ninurta-nādin-šumi | 6 years |
1123-1101 BC Chr. | Nabû-kudurrī-uṣur I. (Nebuchadnezzar) | 22 years |
1101-1097 BC Chr. | Enlil-nādin-apli | 4 years |
1097-1079 BC Chr. | Marduk-nādin-aḫḫē | 18 years |
1079-1066 BC Chr. | Marduk-šāpik-zēri | 13 years |
1066-1044 BC Chr. | Adad-apla-iddina | 22 years |
1044 BC Chr. | Marduk-aḫḫē-erība | 1 year |
1044-1032 BC Chr. | Marduk-zēra-x | 12 years |
1032-1024 BC Chr. | Nabû-šumu-lībur | 8 years |
5th dynasty ( 2nd sealand dynasty )
Reign | Surname | comment |
---|---|---|
1024-1006 BC Chr. | Simbar-šīpak (Simbar-šīhu) | 18 years |
1006 BC Chr. | Ea-mukīn-zēri | 5 months, usurper |
1006-1003 BC Chr. | Kaššu-nādin-aḫi | 3 years |
6th Dynasty ( Dynasty of Bazi )
Reign | Surname | comment |
---|---|---|
1003-986 BC Chr. | Eulmaš-šākin-šumi | 17 years |
986-983 BC Chr. | Ninurta-kudurrī-uṣur II. | 3 years |
983 BC Chr. | Širikti-Šuqamuna | 3 months, brother of the previous one? |
7th Dynasty ( Elamite Dynasty )
Reign | Surname | comment |
---|---|---|
983-977 BC Chr. | Mār-bīti-apla-uṣur |
8/9 dynasty
Reign | Surname | comment |
---|---|---|
979-943 | Nabû-mukīn-apli | |
943 (8 months) | Ninurta-kudurrī-uṣur II. | Son of the previous one |
approx. 943 – approx. 900 (?) | Mār-bīti-aḫḫē-iddina | |
approx. 900 | Šamaš-mudammiq | |
899-887 | Nabû-šuma-ukīn I. | |
887-851 | Nabû-apla-iddina | Son of the previous one |
851-824 | Marduk-zākir-šumi I. | Son of the previous one |
823 - approx. 813 | Marduk-balāssu-iqbi | |
from approx. 813 | Baba-aḫa-iddina | |
A few "kingless" years followed, as well as rulers unknown by name. | ||
? | Ninurta-apla-x | |
? | Marduk-bēl-zēri | |
782-770 | Marduk-apla-uṣur | Chaldeans ( Bit Jakin ) |
770-760 | Erība-Marduk | Chaldeans ( Bit Jakin ) |
760-747 | Nabû-šuma-iškun | Chaldeans ( Bit Dakkuri ) |
747-733 | Nabû-naṣir | |
733-732 / 731 | Nabû-nādin-zēri | Son of the previous one |
732/731 (1 month) | Nabu-šuma-ukin II. | usurper |
731-729 | Nabû-mukīn-zēri | Chaldeans ( Bit Amukani ) |
From 729/728 BC. Babylonia came under the rule of Assyria. |
10th Dynasty ( Assyrian Dynasty )
king | Reign | Remarks | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
19th | Tukulti-apil-Ešarra III. (Pūlu) | 728-726 BC Chr. | biblical: Tiglath Pileser; 2 years | ||||||
20th | Salmānu-ašarēd V. (Ulūlāja) | 726-721 BC Chr. | biblical: Shalmaneser; 5 years; Son of 19. | ||||||
21./25. | Marduk-apla-iddina II. | 721-710 BC Chr. | biblical: Merodach-Baladan; 25 years | ||||||
22nd | Sarru-kīn II. | 709-705 BC Chr. | biblical: Sargon; 4 years | ||||||
23./30. | Sîn-aḫḫe-eriba | 705-703 BC Chr. | Sennacherib; 2 years, son of 22. | ||||||
24. | Marduk-zakir-šumi II. | 703 BC Chr. | 1 month | ||||||
21./25. | Marduk-apla-iddina II. | 703 BC Chr. | renewed rule, 9 months | ||||||
26th | Bel-ibni | 703-700 BC Chr. | 3 years | ||||||
27. | Aššur-nadin-šumi | 700-694 BC Chr. | 6 years; Son of 23. | ||||||
28. | Nergal-usezib | 693-693 BC Chr. | 1 year | ||||||
29 | Mušezib-Marduk | 692-689 BC Chr. | 3 years | ||||||
23./30. | Sîn-aḫḫe-eriba | 689-680 BC Chr. | renewed rule, 9 years; Son of 22. | ||||||
31. | Aššur-aḫḫe-iddina | 680-669 BC Chr. | Asarhaddon; 11 years; Son from 23./30. | ||||||
32. | Aššur-bāni-apli | 669-668 BC Chr. | Ashurbanipal; 1 year; Son of 31. | ||||||
33. | Šamaš-šuma-ukin | 668-648 BC Chr. | 20 years; Son of 31, brother of 32. | ||||||
34. | Kandalanu | 648-627 BC Chr. | 21 years | ||||||
35. | Sin-šumu-lišir | 627-627 BC Chr. | some months | ||||||
36. | Sîn-šarru-iškun | 627-626 BC Chr. | some months | ||||||
626 BC Chr. Broke after a Babylonian revolt in Nippur , the Assyrian rule together. |
New Babylonian Empire
11th dynasty
Reign | Surname | comment |
---|---|---|
626-605 BC Chr. | Nabû-apla-uṣur (Nabopolassar) | |
604-562 BC Chr. | Nabû-kudurrī-uṣur II (Nebuchadnezzar) | Son of the previous one |
561-560 BC Chr. | Amēl-Marduk | Son of the previous one |
559-556 BC Chr. | Nergal-šarra-uṣur | Son-in-law of Nebuchadnezzar II. |
556 BC Chr. | Lābāši-Marduk | Son of the previous one |
555-539 BC Chr. | Nabû-nā'id (Nabonid) | |
552-543 BC Deputy of Nabonidus | Bel-šarru-uṣur | Son of Nabonidus |
539 BC Conquest of Babylonia by the Persian great king Cyrus II , who a year later has his son Cambyses II formally crowned king |
Short-term successors 522-521 BC BC and 484 BC Chr.
Reign | Surname | comment |
---|---|---|
522 BC Chr. | Nebuchadnezzar III. (Nidintu-Bel) | usurper |
521 BC Chr. | Nebuchadnezzar IV (Aracha) | usurper |
484 BC Chr. | Šamaš-eriba | usurper |
484 BC Chr. | Bēl-šimānni | Usurper; only in Borsippa and Dilbat |
See also
literature
- Albert K. Grayson : King Lists and Chronicles. In: Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Aräologie . Volume 6: Lamentation - Lebanon. de Gruyter, Berlin 1980-1983, ISBN 3-11-010051-7 , pp. 102-120.
Notes and evidence
- ^ Neil Zimmerer: The Chronology of Genesis: A Complete History of the Nefilim. Adventures Unlimited Press, Kempton IL 2003, ISBN 1-931882-22-3 , p. 69.
- ^ Neil Zimmerer: The Chronology of Genesis: A Complete History of the Nefilim. Adventures Unlimited Press, Kempton IL 2003, ISBN 1-931882-22-3 , p. 70.
- ^ A b Neil Zimmerer: The Chronology of Genesis: A Complete History of the Nefilim. Adventures Unlimited Press, Kempton IL 2003, ISBN 1-931882-22-3 , p. 71.
- ^ A b c Neil Zimmerer: The Chronology of Genesis: A Complete History of the Nefilim. Adventures Unlimited Press, Kempton IL 2003, ISBN 1-931882-22-3 , p. 72.
- ↑ Royal Chronicle
- ↑ a b Michael P. Streck : Nebuchadnezzar III. and IV. In: Reallexicon of Assyriology and Near Eastern Archeology. Volume 9: Nab - Nuzi. de Gruyter, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-11-017296-8 , p. 206.
- ↑ a b Erlend Gehlken: Šamaš-eriba. In: Real Lexicon of Assyriology and Near Eastern Archeology. Volume 11: Prince, Princess - Samug. de Gruyter, Berlin 2006-2008, ISBN 978-3-11-020383-7 , p. 615 f.