List of Assyrian kings
The list of the Assyrian kings gives in chronological order the names of the kings of the Assyrian Empire and their reigns. The spelling of some names varies considerably. In some publications the names are written separately or together. The spelling itself is also different. So sometimes “Š” or “Sch” is written. There are four different spellings for Assur alone: Assur - Aššur - Aschur - Aschschur.
The individual components of the name are separated by hyphens, the name of God is capitalized. The spelling Š / š is like a Sch speaking, the south like a normal S . Names that have become established with a different pronunciation are mentioned in the "comment".
The main source for the Assyrian kings, their succession and reigns is the Assyrian king list . It is considered reliable up to the time of Aššur-dan I., as it is also supported by the eponymous lists , which enumerate the eponymous officials for each year of government. For the time before Aššur-dan I, the information in the sources partially diverges. The synchronistic list of kings compares Assyrian and Babylonian kings, but it is considered unreliable, since the rulers are simply placed one after the other without paying attention to real simultaneity. The listed dates always name the first year of government, which does not have to be identical to the year of assumption of the throne. According to Mesopotamian tradition, the official swearing-in took place at the beginning of the New Year celebrations. The year of death of the old king was attributed in full to the old ruler, unless the death occurred in the last two months before the New Year celebrations and the swearing-in was therefore carried out in the same year.
List of Assyrian kings
Early days
Kings who lived in tents
The first 17 kings "who lived in tents" on the lists (English: tent dwellers , Assyrian : a-sibu-tu kul-ta-re ) are either completely or at least partially unhistorical in today's research. By including additional fictitious names of rulers, later Assyrian rulers probably wanted to extend the duration of the kingship to an even earlier period. The 16th king of the list, the Semitic ruler Ušpia , is said to have founded the Aššur temple around 2030 BC. Attributed to BC. which changed the previously nomadic way of life.
| Surname | Reign |
|---|---|
| Tūdīja | around 2236 BC BC (around 2300 BC) |
| Adamu | |
| Jangi | |
| Suḫlāmu | |
| Ḫarḫaru | |
| Mandara | |
| Imṣu | |
| Ḫarṣu | |
| Didānu | |
| Ḫanû | |
| Zuabu | |
| Nuabu | |
| Abāzu | |
| Bçlû | |
| Azaraḫ | |
| Ušpia | around 2086 BC BC (around 2150 BC) |
| Apiasal |
Kings who are ancestors
Subsequently, the list names 10 kings, " who are ancestors " (English: who are ancestors / whose fathers are known ) and contains a repetition of the above-mentioned Apiašal with the addition of son of Ušpia . In contrast to the other sections, the names are listed in the original in reverse order, from Aminu to Ḫalê, from the youngest to the oldest king. In some research it is suspected that it is just a list of the ancestors of Šamši-Adad I , which he subsequently incorporated into the sequence to legitimize his rule. Others, however, reject the interpretation and regard the section as a correct listing of Sulili's ancestors .
| Surname | Reign |
|---|---|
| Ḫalê, son of Apiašal | |
| Samāni, son of Ḫalê | |
| Ḫajjāni, son of Samāni | |
| Ilī-Mēr, son of Ḫajjāni | |
| Jakmesi, son of Ilī-Mēr | |
| Jakmeni, son of Jakmesi | |
| Jazkur-il, son of Jakmeni | |
| Ila-kabkabū , son of Jazkur-il | |
| Aminu , son of Ilī-kabkabu |
Kings whose eponyms are not known
| Kings | Reign | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Sulili , son of Aminu | 2013 v. Chr. – 1995 BC BC (2077 BC – 2059 BC) |
unsecured dating |
| Kikkia | 1994 BC Chr. – 1978 BC BC (2058 BC – 2042 BC) |
28. King, unsecured dating |
| Akia | 1977 BC Chr. – 1957 BC Chr. (2041 v. BC-2021 v. Chr.) |
unsecured dating |
| Puzur-Aššur dynasty | ||
| Puzur-Aššur I. | 1956 BC Chr. – 1937 BC BC (2020 BC-2001 BC) |
|
| Šalim-aḫḫē , son of Puzur-Aššur I. | 1936 BC Chr. – 1921 BC BC (2000 BC-1985 BC) |
|
| Ilu-šūma , son of Šalim-aḫḫē | 1920 BC Chr. – 1911 BC Chr. (1984 BC-1975 BC) |
32nd King |
Ancient Assyrian Empire
| Kings | Reign | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Ērišum I. , son of Ilu-šūma | 1910 BC Chr. – 1871 BC Chr. (1974 BC-1935 BC) |
40 years |
| Ikūnum , son of Ērišum I. | 1870 BC Chr. – 1857 BC Chr. (1934 v. BC-1921 v. Chr.) |
16 years |
| Sarru-kīn I , son of Ikūnum | 1856 BC Chr. – 1817 BC BC (1920 BC-1881 BC) |
Sargon I, 40 years old, 35th King |
| Puzur-Aššur II , son of Šarru-kīn | 1816 BC Chr. – 1809 BC BC (1880 BC – 1873 BC) |
|
| Narām-Sîn , son of Puzur-Aššur | 1808 BC Chr. – 1776 BC Chr. (1872 v. BC-1840 v. Chr.) |
|
| Ērišum II , son of Narām-Sîn | 1775 BC Chr. – 1748 BC Chr. (1839 v. BC-1812 v. Chr.) |
|
| Šamši-Adad dynasty | ||
| Samši-Adad I. | 1808 BC Chr. – 1776 BC Chr. | 33 years, 4th year Sin-muballit = commencement |
| Išme-Dagan I. | 1775 BC Chr. – 1736 BC Chr. | 40 years, 18 years Hammurabi = commencement |
| Courage Aškur | from 1735 BC Chr. | possibly only regional regent ( Ekallatum ) |
| Rīmu (š) | only on a fragment of the King's List (fragment VAT 9812), possibly only regional regent | |
| Asinum | not included in the lists of kings, only by inscription of Puzur-Sin handed | |
| Meanwhile the usurpers | ||
| Ashur-dugul | 1735 BC Chr. – 1730 BC Chr. | 6 years |
| Aššur-apla-iddina | 1729 BC Chr. - ???? v. Chr. | 42. King, government data is missing |
| Nasir-Sin | 43. King, government data is missing | |
| Sin-namir | 44. King, government data is missing | |
| Ipqi-Ištar | 45. King, government data is missing | |
| Adad-salulu | 46. King, government data is missing | |
| Adasi dynasty | ||
| Adasi | ???? v. Chr. – 1681 BC Chr. | Usurper, 47th king, government data missing |
| Belu-Bani | 1680 BC Chr. – 1671 BC Chr. | ten years |
| Libaia | 1670 BC Chr. – 1654 BC Chr. | 17 years |
| Šarma-Adad I. | 1653 BC Chr. – 1642 BC Chr. | 12 years |
| Iptar-Sin | 1641 BC Chr. – 1630 BC Chr. | 12 years |
| Bazaia | 1629 BC Chr. – 1602 BC Chr. | 28 years |
| Lullaia | 1601 BC Chr. – 1596 BC Chr. | 6 years |
| Shu-ninua | 1596 BC Chr. – 1583 BC Chr. | 14 years |
| Šarma-Adad II. | 1582 BC Chr. – 1580 BC Chr. | 3 years |
| Erišum III. | 1579 BC Chr. – 1567 BC Chr. | 13 years |
| Samši-Adad II. | 1566 BC BC – 1561 BC Chr. | 6 years |
| Išme-Dagan II. | 1560 BC Chr. – 1545 BC Chr. | 16 years |
| Samši-Adad III. | 1544 BC Chr. – 1529 BC Chr. | 16 years |
| Ashur-nirari I. | 1528 BC Chr. – 1503 BC Chr. | 26 years |
| Puzur-Aššur III. | 1502 BC BC – 1479 BC Chr. | 24 years |
| Enlil-nasir I. | 1478 BC BC – 1466 BC Chr. | 13 years |
| Nur-ili | 1465 BC Chr. – 1454 BC Chr. | 12 years |
| Aššur-šaduni | 1454 BC Chr. – 1454 BC Chr. | 1 month |
| Aššur-rabi I. | 1453 BC Chr. – 1435 BC Chr. | Government data are missing |
| Aššur-nadin-ahhe I. | 1434 BC BC – 1421 BC Chr. | Government data are missing |
| Enlil-nasir II. | 1420 BC Chr. – 1415 BC Chr. | 6 years |
| Aššur-nirari II. | 1414 BC Chr. – 1408 BC Chr. | 7 years |
| Aššur-bel-nišešu | 1407 BC BC – 1399 BC Chr. | 9 years |
| Aššur-rim-nišešu | 1398 BC BC – 1391 BC Chr. | 8 years |
| Aššur-nadin-ahhe II. | 1390 BC BC – 1381 BC Chr. | Letter to Egypt, 10 years |
Central Assyrian Empire
| Kings | Reign | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Eriba-Adad I. | 1380 BC BC – 1354 BC Chr. | šakin Enlil , 27 years |
| Aššur-uballit I. | 1353 BC BC – 1318 BC Chr. | first king since Samši-Adad I, 36 years old |
| Enlil-nirari | 1317 BC Chr. – 1308 BC Chr. | ten years |
| Ārik-dēn-ili | 1307 BC BC – 1296 BC Chr. | 12 years |
| Adad-nirari I. | 1295 BC BC – 1264 BC Chr. | 32 years |
| Salmānu-ašarēd I. | 1263 BC BC – 1234 BC Chr. | Shalmaneser I., 30 years |
| Tukulti-Ninurta I. | 1233 BC Chr. – 1197 BC Chr. | 37 years |
| Aššur-nadin-apli | 1196 BC Chr. – 1193 BC Chr. | 4 years |
| Aššur-nirari III. | 1192 BC BC – 1187 BC Chr. | 6 years |
| Enlil-kudurrī-uṣur | 1186 BC BC – 1182 BC Chr. | 5 years |
| Ninurta-apil-ekur | 1181 BC Chr. – 1179 BC Chr. | 3 years |
| Aššur-dan I. | 1178 BC Chr. – 1133 BC Chr. | 46 years |
| Ninurta-tukulti-Aššur | 1178 BC Chr. – 1133 BC Chr. | indefinite period, within the reign of Aššur-dan I. |
| Mutakkil-Nusku | 1178 BC Chr. – 1133 BC Chr. | indefinite period, within the reign of Aššur-dan I. |
| Aššur-reš-iši I. | 1132 BC Chr. – 1115 BC Chr. | 18 years |
| Tukulti-apil-Ešarra I. | 1114 BC BC – 1076 BC Chr. | Tiglat-Pileser I., 39 years |
| Ašared-apil-ekur | 1075 BC BC – 1074 BC Chr. | 2 years |
| Aššur-bel-kala | 1073 BC Chr. – 1056 BC Chr. | 18 years |
| Eriba-Adad II. | 1055 BC Chr. – 1054 BC Chr. | 2 years |
| Samši-Adad IV. | 1053 BC BC – 1050 BC Chr. | 4 years |
| Aššur-nâṣir-apli I. | 1049 BC BC – 1031 BC Chr. | 19 years |
| Salmānu-ašarēd II. | 1030 BC BC – 1019 BC Chr. | Shalmaneser II, 12 years |
| Aššur-nirari IV. | 1018 BC BC – 1013 BC Chr. | 6 years |
| Aššur-rabi II. | 1012 BC Chr. – 972 BC Chr. | 41 years |
| Aššur-reš-iši II. | 971 BC Chr. – 967 BC Chr. | 5 years |
| Tukulti-apil-Ešarra II. | 966 BC Chr. – 935 BC Chr. | Tiglat-Pileser II, 32 years |
| Aššur-dan II. | 934 BC BC – 912 BC Chr. | 23 years |
Neo-Assyrian Empire
| Kings | Reign | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Adad-nirari II. | 911-891 BC Chr. | 21 years |
| Tukulti-Ninurta II. | 890-884 BC Chr. | 7 years |
| Aššur-nâṣir-apli II. | 883-859 BC Chr. | 25 years |
| Salmānu-ašarēd III. | 858-824 BC Chr. | Shalmaneser III, 35 years |
| Samši-Adad V. | 823-811 BC Chr. | 13 years |
| Adad-nīrārī III. | 810-783 BC Chr. | 28 years, to 806 BC Under (co-) reign of his mother Šammuramat (controversial) |
| Salmānu-ašarēd IV. | 782-773 BC Chr. | Shalmaneser IV, 10 years |
| Aššur-dan III. | 772-755 BC Chr. | 18 years |
| Aššur-nirari V. | 754-745 BC Chr. | ten years |
| Tukulti-apil-Ešarra III. | 744-726 BC Chr. | Tiglat-Pileser III., 18 years, † January 726 BC Chr. |
| Salmānu-ašarēd V. | 726-721 BC Chr. | Shalmaneser V, 5 years, † January 721 BC Chr. |
| The Assyrian king list ends with Salmānu-ašarēd V. | ||
| Sargonids | ||
| Sarru-kīn II. | 721-705 BC Chr. | Sargon II, usurper, 17 years |
| Sîn-aḫḫe-eriba | 705-680 BC Chr. | Sennacherib, 24 years old, † January 16, 680 BC Chr. |
| Aššur-aḫḫe-iddina | 680-669 BC Chr. | Asarhaddon, 12 years old, † Oct. 26, 669 BC Chr. |
| Aššur-bāni-apli | 669-631 BC Chr. | Ashurbanipal, 38 years |
| Aššur-etil-ilani | 631-627 BC Chr. | 4 years |
| Sîn-šumu-līšir | 627-627 / 626 BC Chr. | Some months |
| Sîn-šarru-iškun | 627 / 626-612 BC Chr. | 14 years, † July 28, 612 BC Chr. |
| 612 BC Chr. Is Nineveh by the Medes and Babylonians destroyed. The rest of the Assyrian Empire is limited to the Harran region . | ||
| Aššur-uballiṭ II. | 611-610 BC Chr. | 2 years |
| 610 BC The last Assyrian base falls with Harran. Assyria is permanently losing its political independence. | ||
Remarks
- ↑ The year dates were u. a. the information from texts from the environment of the Old Testament : Old Assyrian chronology: KR Veenhof The Old Assyrian List of Year Eponyms 2003. Middle Assyrian chronology: J.Boese and G.Wilhelm WZKM 71 1979 (19–38) . TUAT, Volume 1 / New Series, Gütersloher Verlagshaus 2004, as well as the reigns according to Note 3, used
- ↑ a b c respectively Short Chronology and ( Middle Chronology )
- ↑ a b c Secure dating
- ↑ On the term ṭuppišu cf. now Helmut Freydank: ṭuppu in a different perspective . In: Ancient Near Eastern Research . Vol. 34, 2007, pp. 225-236.
literature
- Ernst Weidner: Fragments of Assyrian royal inscriptions. In: Archiv für Orientforschung 22 (1968), pp. 75-77, ISSN 0066-6440 .
- Texts from the environment of the Old Testament . New series, volume 2. Gütersloh 2004, ISBN 3-579-05289-6 .
- N. Na'aman: Chronology and History in the Late Assyrian Empire (631-619 BC). In: Zeitschrift für Assyriologie 81 (1991), pp. 243-267, ISSN 0084-5299 .