Salmānu-ašarēd V.

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Salmānu-ašarēd V. (also Šulmānu-ašarēd V. or Biblical Shalmaneser ) was 726 to 721 BC. King of the Assyrian Empire . Like his father Tukulti-apil-Ešarra III before him . (Tiglath-Pileser III.) He was also king of Babylonia . There he used the name Ulūlāja (or Ululai ).

The name Salmānu-ašarēd means about Salmānu is the supreme / noblest [God] . Regarding the origin of the different king's name in Babylonia, it is assumed that he simply kept his prince name there. Inscriptions or similar reliable evidence with this name were not found. His wife was Banitu , roughly translated as the beautiful . Recent research suggests that she was his father's widow - not his mother, but from a later marriage.

Salmānu-ašarēd V. annexed Cilicia and fought against numerous, especially Syrian-Palestinian, unrest. The conquest of Samaria ( 2 Kings 17.6  EU ) can still be counted as a credit to his reign. But since he was killed in an assassination attempt during their siege, the capture of the city is often attributed to his successor Sarru-kīn II (Sargon II).

According to the biblical report, Hoshea , the last king of the northern kingdom of Israel, had to submit to Shalmaneser ( 2 Kings 17.3  EU ). Hoschea is said to have conspired with Pharaoh Osorkon IV and given him about 725 BC. Sent a messenger with the request for help against the Assyrians. At the beginning of the Third Intermediate Period , Egypt under Sheschonq I had spread deep into the Levant , but then lost its influence in the region to the Assyrian Empire. Since then, the rulers of the Nile have tried several times to regain their influence on Palestine by encouraging a revolt against Assyrian domination on the ground and then providing military support to the insurgents.

Whether Salmānu-ašarēd V was overthrown by Šarru-kīn II, who was probably his brother, or whether he was otherwise a victim of internal unrest remains speculation and is not clear from the historical sources. Salmānu-ašarēd V had left his opponents in the Assyrian heartland and especially in Babylon for too long. In the meantime, a powerful opposing party had formed undisturbed, from supporters of the dynasty overthrown by his father in Babylon, but also from disaffected cities and priesthood, which were separated by the Tukulti-apil-Ešarra III. saw unified tax policy damaged. His successor was therefore in a hurry to reintroduce the abolished privileges and rights of self-government.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Wolfram von Soden : Ruler in the ancient Orient . Berlin / Göttingen / Heidelberg 1954, ISBN 978-3-642-80527-1 , p. 94 ( full text in Google Book Search).
  2. ↑ cf. Karen Radner: The god Salmānu ('Šulmānu') and his relationship with the city of Dūr-Katlimmu . In: Heinz Halm, Wolfgang Röllig, Wolfram von Soden (Ed.): World of the Orient . tape 29 . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1998, p. 37 f .
  3. ↑ Eduard Meyer : Shalmaneser V. Destruction of the Empire of Israel . In: Ancient History . tape 3 , p. 26–30 ( online at zeno.org ).
  4. ^ Karen Radner: Shalmaneser V, king of Assyria (726-722 BC) . In: Assyrian empire builders . University College London 2012 ( online ).
  5. ↑ a b c Hartmut Schmökel : Ur, Assur and Babylon . In: Great Cultures of the Early Period . tape 12 . Phaidon Verlag, Akademische / Athenaion, Kilpper Collection, Stuttgart 1985, ISBN 3-88851-091-0 , p. 102 f .
  6. ↑ Hayim Tadmor: The Campaigns of Sargon II of Assur: A Chronological-Historical Study . In: Journal of Cuneiform Studies . Vol. 12, No. 1 , 1958, p. 22-40 (English).
  7. ^ Georges Roux: Ancient Iraq . 3. Edition. Penguin, 1992, ISBN 978-0-14-012523-8 , pp. 310-312 (English).
  8. ^ F. Thomas: Sargon II., The son of Tiglat-pilesers III . In: Manfried Dietrich , Oswald Loretz (Hrsg.): Mesopotamica - Ugaritica - Biblica: Festschrift for Kurt Bergerhof on the completion of his 70th year on May 7, 1992 (=  Old Orient and Old Testament - publications on the culture and history of the Old Orient and of the Old Testament ). tape 232 . Neukirchen-Vluyn Verlag Butzon & Bercker, 1993, p. 465-470 .
  9. ↑ See: Andreas Fuchs: The inscriptions of Sargon II from Khorsabad. Cuvillier Verlag, Göttingen 1996, ISBN 978-3-930340-42-2 .
predecessor Office successor
Tukulti-apil-Ešarra III.
(Tiglat-Pileser III.) 		Assyrian king
726–721 BC Chr. 		Sarru-kīn II
(Sargon II)
Tukulti-apil-Ešarra III. (Pūlu)
(Tiglat-Pileser III.) 		King of Babylonia
726–721 BC Chr. 		Marduk-apla-iddina II.
personal data
SURNAME Salmānu-ašarēd V.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Shalmaneser V .; Sulmānu-ašarēd V.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Assyrian king
DATE OF BIRTH 8th century BC Chr.
DATE OF DEATH January 721 BC Chr.