Mursili I.

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Muršili I was from 1604 BC BC to 1594 BC BC. Hittite Great King .

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A text that was written towards the end of Ḫattušili's life reports on Muršili's origin and beginning of government (see below) . We have no written sources on the fighting in Syria and the conquest of Ḫalpa .

Life

Muršili was installed as the great king by his grandfather Ḫattušili I , after he had excluded some family members from the line of succession. In a text that was written at the time of Ḫattušili’s death, the latter gives the reasons for the establishment of Muršili and gives him advice on rulership and lifestyle.

Muršili conquered the area between the Taurus and the upper reaches of the Tigris , which roughly corresponds to the later Cilicia . Kizzuwatna was the ideal base for Muršili I. to attack and defeat the Jamchad empire with the capital Halpa ( Aleppo ), which also resulted in battles against the Hurrites . This brought Northern Syria under Hittite rule.

Family tree Muršilis I.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ḫattušili I.
 
 
 
 Sister Ḫattušilis I.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Son of Ḫattušili I.
 
 Labarna
 
 further siblings of Labarna
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mursili I.
 
 Ḫarapšili
 
 Ḫantili I.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Daughter of Muršilis I.
 
 Zidanta I.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ammuna
 
 
 
 
 
 

His greatest act was the attack on Babylon . The Hittites succeeded in taking Babylon in 1595 BC. (Middle chronology) to plunder. With his attack Muršili I. ended the 1st dynasty of Babylon . The booty also contained the statue of the god Marduk , stolen from the temple of Esagila . The Chronicle of Telipinu reports: “He went to Halab and destroyed it; brought prisoners from Halab and its property to Ḫattuša , but then he went to Babylon and destroyed it, defeated (?) the Hurrites and kept the prisoners of Babylon and its property in Ḫattuša ”. From this sparse information it is sometimes reconstructed that the Hittites were exposed to constant attacks by the Hurrites on their march back and that the statue of Marduk might have been left behind in the area of Ḫana (central Euphrates). According to another thesis, they brought the statue to Hatti. The events are supported by the Babylonian Chronicle , which reports that Babylon was sacked under the ruler Shamsu-ditana . After Mursili returned to Ḫattuša, the Kassites occupied Babylon and began their 500-year rule. It is speculated that they were allied with Mursili and that this was the only reason why his campaign succeeded. A brief reign of the Meerland dynasty is also being considered, which preceded the Kassite rule.

Muršili I was born around 1594 BC. Murdered by his brother-in-law Ḫantili I.

literature

  • Jörg Klinger: The Hittites. Beck, Munich 2007, pp. 40-42, 77.

Notes and individual references

  1. ↑ Jörg Klinger: Die Hittiter, Verlag CH Beck oHG, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-406-53625-0
  2. ↑ Johannes Lehmann: The Hittites, People of a Thousand Gods , C. Bertelsmann Verlag, Munich 1975, ISBN 3-570-02610-8
  3. ^ Waltraud Sperlich: The Hittites, The forgotten people , Jan Thorbecke Verlag GmbH, Ostfildern 2003, ISBN 3-7995-7982-6
  4. ↑ also 2 BoTU 20 II 10–20 (A), KUB 26, No. 74 I 8-11 (B)
  5. ↑ Benno Landsberger, Assyrian King List and "Dark Ages". Journal of Cuneiform Studies 8/2, 1954, 64
  6. ^ JA Brinkman, Foreign Relations of Babylonia from 1600 to 625 BC: The Documentary Evidence. American Journal of Archeology 76/3, 1972, 274
  7. ^ Jörg Klinger: Die Hittiter, Beck, Munich 2007, p. 42


predecessor Office successor
Ḫattušili I. Hittite great king
1604–1594 BC Chr. 		Ḫantili I.
personal data
SURNAME Mursili I.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Hittite great king
DATE OF BIRTH 17th century BC Chr.
DATE OF DEATH around 1594 BC Chr.