Solothurn mayors

The Schultheiss was the head of the Solothurn estate from the middle of the 14th century . He chaired the councils, the court and the council of war, and the city guard was subordinate to him.

history

The naming of the Solothurn mayors (city councilors) can be divided into three periods:

Period of the Reichsvögte: The mayor was appointed by the respective Reichsvasallen, the regional deputy of the German emperor. Up to the period of the Zähringer there is no tradition, among the Zähringer (until 1218) a single name is known: Albertus Causidicus, transl. Legal representative - he was a judge in the mayor's office like many of his successors.

Period of imperial immediacy: The mayor was used directly by the empire from 1218. The tradition is incomplete, until 1252 only the first names of the mayors have survived, the assignment to families took place later and is uncertain.

With Hugo von Buchegg , subsequently also mayor, a change occurred: Emperor Heinrich VII appointed him imperial vassal in 1313 due to his war merits for the empire and pledged the mayor's office to him and his descendants, in which they were also allowed to appoint third parties. So a kind of Reichsvogt was temporarily interposed here again:

Period of the mayor elected by the citizenship: The mayor electoral law then passed to the city citizenship through inheritance from around 1344 .

The term of office lasted two years from 1451 to 1644 and one year from 1644. After the end of the term of office, the resigning mayor was Altschultheiss and thus the mayor's deputy. Often the same person alternately held the office of mayor and mayor over a longer period of time. If a mayor died in office, the old mayor took over the business until the end of the term of office until 1652; from 1652 a new mayor was immediately elected. The year of office began until 1797 on June 24th (St. Johann Baptist), from 1803 on January 1st. With the French invasion on March 2, 1798, the office was temporarily suspended, but reintroduced with mediation in 1803, and then finally abolished at the end of the Restoration in 1831.

List of mayors

The list is based on the historical-biographical lexicon of Switzerland and for the period 1325–1500 on the list by Sigrist in the appendix to the article Grans (1954). The spelling of the names is based on the Historical Lexicon of Switzerland , as far as they can be found there. The year data refer to the year of office until the end of the 18th century, 1327/28 z. B. means the period from June 24, 1327 to June 24, 1328, 1465/67 means the two-year term of office from June 24, 1465 to June 24, 1467. The year in which is decisive for the even or odd years from 1644 is the term of office begins (1764/65 = even year, 1765/66 = odd year).

Surname	Term of office	Remarks
Albertus (causidicus)	Mentioned in 1182
Rudolf the Riche?	Mentioned in 1227	Attribution to the Riche family doubtful
Ulrich?	Mentioned in 1235	Only mentioned in the Riche article by Sigrist, not in the HBLS
Henry the Riche	Mentioned in 1249, 1250, 1252	Very probably not Heinrich von Attiswil, as listed by Haffner and in the HBLS, possibly a Heinrich from the Riche family
Otto von Oltingen	Mentioned in 1268
Hartmann from Baldwile	Mentioned in 1270, 1271
Werner von Utzenstorf	Mentioned in 1281
Kuno of Gampelen	Mentioned in 1288
Walter von Aarwangen	Mentioned in 1290
Ulrich II the Riche	Mentioned 1295, 1308, 1313, 1323-1325, 1325/26, 1334/35
Ulrich Multa	Mentioned 1313, 1314
Hugo von Buchegg	Mentioned in 1315	"The first significant traveler in Solothurn"
Heinrich von Buchegg	Mentioned in 1316
Werner von Wolhusen	1326/27 governor
Pantaleon from Gebstrasse	1327/28
Konrad von Dürrach	1328 / 29-1333 / 34, 1336 / 37-1339 / 40	The von Dürrach pursue a rather Bern-friendly policy
Hugo von Dürrach	1335/36, 1346/47
Johann Grans	1340 / 41-1345 / 46, 1347/48, 1357 / 58-1360 / 61, 1363/64, 1367/68, 1369 / 70-1371 / 72	During his term of office, the mayor's right to vote goes to the city. Keeps a distance from Bern, explains the Solothurn territorial policy
Johann von Dürrach	1348 / 49-1356 / 57
Jost the Riche	1361 / 62-1362 / 63, 1365/66, 1368/69, 1374 / 75-1376 / 77
Wernher before Kilchen	1364/65, 1366/67
Konrad II von Dürrach	1372 / 73-1373 / 74
Mathias von Altreu	1377 / 78-1383 / 84
Henmann von Dürrach	1384 / 85-1410 / 11
Jakob von Wengi	1411 / 12-1412 / 13, 1417 / 18-1418 / 19	One of the first civil mayors
Imer von Spiegelberg	1413 / 14-1416 / 17
Johannes Wagner	1419 / 20-1420 / 21
Henmann von Spiegelberg	1421 / 22-1450 / 51
Niklaus von Wengi the Elder	1451/53, 1459/61, 1463/65, 1467/68 to Jan. 11, 1468
Burkhart Fröwi from Buchegg	1453/55
Ulrich Byss	1455/57, 1461/63, 1465/67, 1468/70, 1472/74, 1476/78, 1480/82, 1484/86	Played a leading role in the territorial expansionist, pro-French attitude. During his tenure, Solothurn was admitted to the Swiss Confederation in 1481
Hartmann vom Stein	1457/59
Conrad Vogt	1470/72, 1474/76, 1482/84, 1486/88, 1490/92
Henman Hagen	1478/80, 1488/90, 1492/94, 1496/98	As Altschultheiss, together with town clerk Hans vom Staal, envoy of Solothurn at the Diet of Stans in 1481 (acceptance of Solothurn into the Confederation of Confederation); Von Staal played the leading role
Niklaus Conrad	1494/96, 1498/1500, 1502/04, 1506/08, 1510/12, 1514/16, Sep 22. 1516-24. June 1517 as governor, 1519/20 until April 10, 1520	In the battle of Dornach, leader of the Solothurn family
Daniel Babenberg	1500/02, 1512/14, June 24, 1516 – November 1516 (deposed)	Good military leader and diplomat, but addicted to litigation, which ultimately cost him his fortune and led to his escape and dismissal
Urs Byss	1504/06, 1508/10
Peter Hebolt	1517/19, 1522/24, 1526/28, June 24, 1530-9. Oct. 1531	Leading representatives of the Old Believers during the Reformation
Hans Stölli	1520/22, 1524/26, 1528/30, Oct. 10, 1531-24. June 1532 as governor	Showed some understanding of the concerns of the Reformation
Niklaus von Wengi the Younger	1532/34, 1536/38, 1540/42, Oct. 11, 1542-24. June 1543 as governor, 1545/47, 7 December 1547–24. June 1548 as governor, June 24th – 10th Dec 1548	Prevented the outbreak of civil war between Protestants and Old Believers in 1533
Urs Hugi	1534/36, 1538/40, June 24th – 2nd Oct. 1542
Urs Schluny	1543/45, June 24th - 6th Dec 1547
Urs Sury the Elder	1549/51, 1553/55, 1557/59, Aug 16, 1559-24. June 1560 as governor, 1562/64, 1566/68
Conrad Graf	1551/53, 1555/57, June 24th-14th Aug 1559
Urs Schwaller	1560/62
Urs Ruchti	1564/66, 1568/70, 1572/74, 1576/78, 1580/82
Urs Wielstein	1570/72, 1574/76	Studied in Paris, humanist
Urs Sury the Younger	1578/80, 1582/84, 1586/88, 1590/92
Stephan Schwaller	1584/86, 1588/90, 1592/94
Lorenz Arregger	1594/96, 1598/1600, 1602/04, 1606/08, 1610/12, 1614/16 to Jan. 11, 1616
Wolfgang Degenscher	1596/98, 1600/02
Peter Sury the Elder	1604/06, 1608/10, 1612/14, Jan. 13 -24. June 1616 as governor, 1616/18
Hans Georg Wagner the Elder	1618/20, 1622/24, 1626/28, June 24–11. Dec 1630
Werner Saler	1620/22
Johann von Roll	1624/26, 1628/30, Dec. 13, 1630-24. June 1631 as governor, 1631/33, 1635/37, March 28–24. June 1639 as governor, 1639/41, June 24-21. Oct 1643	Led an autocratic regime, followed a French-style policy
Werner Brunner	1633/35, 1637/39 until March 26, 1639
Hieronymus Wallier	1641/43
Johann Schwaller (from Ammannsegg)	1644 / 45-2. Nov 1652 in the even years
Mauritz Wagner	1645 / 46-23. Dec 1653 in odd years
Hans Ulrich Sury	1652/53 from Nov. 4, 1652, 1654 / 55–1658 / 59 in the even years
Hans Jakob vom Staal the Younger	1653/54 from December 24th 1653, 1655/56	Mediator in federal disputes, promoted the settlement of the Jesuits, from 1640 critic of too close to France
Hans Wilhelm von Steinbrugg	1657 / 58-25. Aug. 1675 in odd years
Johann Friedrich Stocker	1660 / 61-3. July 1674 in the even years
Peter Sury the Younger	1674 / 75–1678 / 79 in the even years
Hans Georg Wagner the Younger	1675/76 from Aug. 26, 1675, 1677 / 78–1687 / 88 in the uneven years
Franz von Sury	1680 / 81–1698 / 99 in the even years, June 24, 1700–24. Feb. 1701
Johann Viktor Besenval von Brunnstatt	1689 / 90–1711 / 12 in the odd years, June 24th – 23rd Dec 1713	"Richest and most powerful Solothurn man of his time"
Urs Sury from Bussy	1701 Feb. 28 - May 24 June 1702/03, 1704/05, June 24, 1706-21. June 1707
Johann Ludwig von Roll von Emmenholz	1708 / 09–1716 / 17 in the even years	Like his predecessor Urs Sury von Bussy, he was an opponent of dependence on France and thus an opponent of the France-friendly Johann Viktor Besenval
Johann Friedrich von Roll	1713/14 from Dec. 26th 1713, 1715 / 16–1721 / 22 in the odd years
Johann Jakob Josef Glutz Ruchti	1718/19, 1720/21, June 24, 1722–8. Feb. 1723
Hieronymus Sury	1723 Feb. 11 - Dec. 24 June, 1724 / 25–1734 / 35 in the even years, June 24–12. Oct. 1736
Johann Josef Wilhelm Sury von Steinbrugg	1723 / 24–1739 / 40 in the odd years, June 24, 1741–23. March 1742
Josef Benedikt Tugginer	1736/37 from Oct. 15, 1736, 1738/39, 1740/41, June 24, 1742–5. May 1743
Franz Victor book	1742 March 26th – April 24th June, 1743 / 44–1763 / 64 in the odd years
Urs Viktor Josef von Roll	1743 May 8–24. June, 1744 / 45–1756 / 57 in the even years, June 24, 1758–23. April 1759
Franz Viktor Augustin von Roll von Emmenholz	1759 April 26th – April 24th June, 1760 / 61–1770 / 71 in the even years, June 24, 1772 - June 8, 1773	Leader of the French party, by far the richest Solothurn man of his time
Urs Viktor Schwaller	1765 / 66–1777 / 78 in the odd years
Karl Stephan Glutz Ruchti	1773 June 11–24. June, 1774 / 75–1794 / 95 in the even years	"Exemplary example of an enlightened aristocrat". Member and 1767 President of the Helvetic Society , 1761 founding member of the Solothurn Economic Society
Ludwig Benedikt Tugginer	1779 / 80–1791 / 92 in the odd years
Viktor Josef Balthasar Wallier from Sankt Albin	1793/94, 1795/96, 1797-2. March 1798
Karl Josef Fidel Grimm	1796/97
Peter Joseph Glutz-Ruchti	1803 elected April 6, 1805, 1807, 1809, 1812, 1814 to Jan. 8, 1816–1830 in the even years
Heinrich Daniel Balthasar Grimm von Wartenfels	1804–1810 in the even years, 1811, 1813
Josef Hermenegild Arregger from Wildensteg	1814 elected on January 9th as governor and May 21st as mayor, 1815–1829 in the odd years, 1831 to March 14th

literature

• Franz Haffner: The small Solothurn general Schaw-Platz ... Zweyter Theyl: This is a brief description of the place of Solothurn . Solothurn 1666, p. 53–55 [815–817 at e-rara] , doi : 10.3931 / e-rara-25562 .
• Historical-Biographical Lexicon of Switzerland (HBLS). Vol. 6: Saint Gelin - Tingry . Neuchâtel 1931. Article Solothurn. III: history. 4: The Schultheissen . Pp. 423-424
• Hans Sigrist: Solothurnian biographies . Dietschi, Olten 1951. Contains biographies of the mayors Daniel Babenberg, Ulrich and Urs Byso, Conrad Vogt, Niklaus von Wengi d.Ae., Henmann Hagen and town clerk Hans vom Stall
• Hans Sigrist: The Grans of Solothurn. Appendix: List of the Solothurn mayors from 1325–1500 . In: Yearbook for Solothurn History . tape 27 , 1954, pp. 133-136 , doi : 10.5169 / seals-323868 .

Individual evidence

1. ^ KE Schuppli: City constitution of Solothurn (in the Middle Ages), Basel 1897, p. 31
2. ↑ Hans Sigrist: The sex of the Riche or Dives of Solothurn . In: Yearbook for Solothurn History . tape 25 , 1952, pp. 107 , doi : 10.5169 / seals-323663 .
3. ↑ KE Schuppli: ibid., P. 84 f. and 156
4. ↑ The year numbers in the HBLS obviously refer to the year of office that begins this year, as a comparison with the list by Sigrist shows; the years 1494, 1495 with Niklaus Conrad z. B. mean the two years of office 1494/95 and 1495/96
5. ↑ Hans Sigrist: The sex of the Riche or Dives of Solothurn . In: Yearbook for Solothurn History . tape 25 , 1952, pp. 112-113 , doi : 10.5169 / seals-323663 .
6. ↑ Hans Sigrist: The sex of the Riche or Dives of Solothurn . In: Yearbook for Solothurn History . tape 25 , 1952, pp. 107 , doi : 10.5169 / seals-323663 .
7. ↑ Hans Sigrist: The sex of the Riche or Dives of Solothurn . In: Yearbook for Solothurn History . tape 25 , 1952, pp. 111-112 , doi : 10.5169 / seals-323663 .
8. ↑ Two entries in the HBLS, according to Sigrist the same person: Hans Sigrist: The sex of the Riche or Dives of Solothurn . In: Yearbook for Solothurn History . tape 25 , 1952, pp. 116 , doi : 10.5169 / seals-323663 .
9. ↑ Othmar Noser: Buchegg, Hugo von. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
10. ↑ Hans Sigrist: The Solothurn Schultheissen family of Dürrach . In: Yearbook for Solothurn History . tape 55 , 1982, pp. 129-144 , doi : 10.5169 / seals-324808 . Haffner and HBLS write to Durrach
11. ↑ Othmar Noser: Grans, Johann. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
12. ↑ Silvan Freddi: Wengi, Jakob von. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
13. ↑ Othmar Noser: Byss, Ulrich. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
14. ^ Haffner and also the historical-biographical lexicon distinguish an older and younger Konrad Vogt; according to Sigrist, Biographien, 1951, p. 41 it is the same person
15. ↑ According to Sigrist, Biographien 1951, p. 81 the same mistake as with Konrad Vogt, there were no two consecutive Schultheissen Henmann Hagen, but only one
16. ↑ Othmar Noser: Hagen, Henman. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
17. ↑ Hans Sigrist: Conrad, Niklaus. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . More in detail: Hans Sigrist: Benedikt Hugi the Younger, Niklaus Conrad. Two images of life. For the 450th anniversary of the Battle of Dornach. Chapter II: Niklaus Conrad . In: Yearbook for Solothurn History . tape 22 , 1949, pp. 36-92 , doi : 10.5169 / seals-323089 .
18. ↑ Hans Sigrist: Babenberg, Daniel. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
19. ↑ Hellmut Gutzwiller: Hebolt, Peter. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
20. ↑ Beat Hodler: Stölli, Hans. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
21. ↑ Silvan Freddi: Wengi, Niklaus von. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
22. ↑ Silvan Freddi: Wielstein, Urs. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
23. ↑ Erich Meyer: Roll, Johann von. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
24. ↑ Erich Meyer: Staal, Hans Jakob vom (the younger). In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
25. ^ Andreas Fankhauser: Besenval, Johann Viktor (von Brunnstatt). In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
26. ↑ Erich Meyer: Roll, Johann Ludwig von (von Emmenholz). In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
27. ↑ Erich Meyer: Roll, Franz Viktor Augustin von (von Emmenholz). In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
28. ^ Urban Fink: Glutz, Karl Stephan (Ruchti). In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .