Sociological Institute in Czechoslovakia

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The development of sociology and sociological institutes and facilities in Czechoslovakia has seen three milestones since the 1920s: the occupation of the lane and the establishment of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (1939–1945), the suppression of sociology by the communist regime after 1948 , and the dissolution of Czechoslovakia on January 1, 1993. Numerous foundations, new foundations, mergers and separations resulted, among other things, in a large number of renaming. These are listed below and arranged in an overview. The institutes and facilities were partly assigned to a university, partly to the respective Academy of Sciences.

history

Scientific societies, discussion groups of researchers from a certain discipline and similar institutions emerged in Bohemia as early as the end of the 19th century, and in the field of sociology in the mid-1920s. It can be said that the Czechoslovak sociological institutions were rigorously pushed back with the seizure of power by the communist regime, which also liquidated sociology as a subject: the chairs of sociology were replaced by chairs of Marxism-Leninism and scientific communism, the sociologists were allowed to practice their profession not exercise. Sociology, which began to re-establish itself in Czechoslovakia in the 1960s, was more of a formally Marxist sociology on this background, although its statements and tendencies often largely contradicted the ideas of Marxist sociology about social stratification.

The research projects and work of a few sociologists such as Pavel Machonin and Radovan Richta , which took place in the second half of the 1960s, were among the most prominent preparers of the Prague Spring reform program . The dynamic development of Czechoslovak sociology during this period was influenced by political events, and after the Prague Spring, sociology and its institutions were again abolished. The Sociological Institute of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences was liquidated. Until the 1980s, official sociology was under strong pressure to normalize.

Institutes

Ústav sociálně politických věd UK (1957–1969)

The Ústav sociálně politických věd UK (Institute of Socio -Political Sciences of Charles University) was founded in December 1957 as Ústav pro výuku a vědeckou práci kateder marxismu-leninismu (Institute for the teaching and scientific work of the chairs of Marxism-Leninism). It was intended to deepen the theoretical knowledge as well as the ideological qualification of university teachers for Marxist philosophy, political economy and the history of the labor movement. On January 1, 1960, the institute was subordinated to Charles University and was named Ústav sociálně politických věd UK , until it was renamed Ústav marxismu-leninismu pro vysoké školy UK (Institute for Marxism-Leninism of Charles University for Universities) in 1964, which in 1967 on Ústav sociálně politických věd UK (Institute for Social and Political Sciences at Charles University) has been changed. The institute was dissolved in 1969 because of so-called "right-wing opportunistic deviations".

Sociologický ústav ČSAV (1965-1970)

The clear indication of the renewal and redevelopment of sociology in Czechoslovakia in the 1960s was the establishment of the Sociologický ústav ČSAV (SÚ ČSAV, Sociological Institute of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences) on January 1, 1965. The participation of several institute members in the reform program of the Prague Spring and in particular the institute's condemnation of the Warsaw Pact's intervention in Czechoslovakia led to the closure of the institute at the beginning of 1970 by merging with the Academy's Philosophical Institute. to the new Ústav pro filosofii a sociologii ČSAV. It was not until 1990 that the sociological department was spun off from the Ústav pro filosofii a sociologii ČSAV and the Sociologický ústav ČSAV was renewed.

Ústav pro filosofii a sociologii ČSAV (1970–1990)

The Ústav pro filosofii a sociologii ČSAV (ÚFS ČSAV, Institute for Philosophy and Sociology of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences) was founded in early 1970 as a merger of the Sociologický ústav ČSAV and the Philosophical Institute ( Filozofický ústav ČSAV ). This made it possible to simply fire about half of the employees who did not want to come to terms with the emerging "normalization" regime. The institute, which placed the official Marxist-Leninist sociology in the foreground during the period of so-called normalization, dealt particularly in the 1970s with the criticism of the western "revisionist" conception of sociology, which was also reflected in the design of Sociologický časopis / Czech Sociological Review showed. In 1990 the institute was dissolved, the sociological department was spun off and the Sociologický ústav ČSAV (Sociological Institute) was re-established in 1965.

Other facilities

Of the numerous institutions that were not institutes, two in particular that had historical significance should be mentioned: Masarykova sociologická společnost (1925–1950) and Československá sociologická společnost (1964–1992).

Masarykova sociologická společnost (1925–1950)

The Masarykova sociologická společnost (MSS, Masaryk's Sociological Society) was founded at the General Assembly on January 12, 1925 as a body for all Czech and Slovak sociologists and researchers in related fields. After the establishment of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia , the company was renamed Česká společnost sociologická (ČSS, Czech Sociological Society) in April 1948 . After the communist seizure of power in February 1948, the regime tried to dissolve the ČSS. A so-called "action committee" excluded several "reactionaries" from society from March 1948 and declared that the continued existence of the society was not opportune. The Action Committee declared the MSS dissolved. However, some Moravian officials decided at a meeting in April 1948 not to recognize this dissolution, they changed the statutes and renamed the company back to Masarykova sociologická společnost . However, just two years later, in April 1950, the company had to officially dissolve.

Československá sociologická společnost (1964–1992)

Československá sociologická společnost při ČSAV (ČSSS, Czechoslovak Sociological Society [the Academy of Sciences of Czechoslovakia]) is seen as the successor to Masarykova sociologická společnost , which was dissolved in 1950 . After sociology was considered a "forbidden discipline" for a time, the society was founded on April 10, 1964 after some resistance from the party. From then on, the sociologists were very much involved in socio-political criticism and in the preparation for the Prague Spring of 1968. This led to severe sanctions at the beginning of the so-called normalization : The party committees of the KPTsch demanded that the ČSSS break with its past, that it expressly disregard it dissociates its former "support of right-wing forces", makes personnel changes and re-registers members. The society lost several long-term members. This did not change until after 1989, when it was able to take on some former committed members again. In 1990 the company was renamed Masarykova československá sociologická společnost (Masaryk's Czechoslovak Sociological Society). It ended its activity at the end of 1992 when Czechoslovakia was dissolved and two new successor organizations - the Czech and the Slovakian - emerged (see Česká sociologická společnost and Slovenská sociologická spoločnosť SAV ).

Sociological institutions in Slovakia

The organizational structure of the sociological institutions in Czechoslovakia largely followed the "asymmetrical" pattern of the structure of the communist party, which was adopted from the CPSU in the USSR and which can be found in many institutions and organizations. Analogous to this approach, the academy of sciences and sociological institutions also had an asymmetrical form: in addition to a national (Czechoslovak) institution, there was also a Slovak local (regional, peripheral) "section" as part of the Czechoslovak institution; the members of this regional section were usually also members of the national body; there was no corresponding Czech "section". The following Slovak institutes and societies existed:

Sociologický ústav Slovenskej akadémie vied (SÚ SAV, Sociological Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences) was founded like the Sociologický ústav ČSAV in 1965 and experienced - like the Czechoslovak Institute as a whole - ideologically motivated purges during the normalization after 1968. From 1969 the institute publishes the journal Socioló that appears to the present day.
Ústav filozofie a sociológie Slovenskej akadémie vied (ÚFS SAV, Institute for Philosophy and Sociology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences) was created in 1975 (5 years later than in the case of the Czechoslovakian Institute) through the merger of the then independent sociological and philosophical institutes.
After the upheavals of 1989, the Ústav filozofie a sociológie SAV from 1975 was dissolved in 1990 and the independent Sociologický ústav SAV was founded, which still exists today:
Slovenská sociologická spoločnosť pri Slovenskej akadémii vied (Slovak Sociological Society of the Slovak Academy of Sciences), founded in January 1964 as an independent Slovak section of the Czechoslovakian Czechoslovakian Československá sociologická společnost , active as a sociological company until 1993 (1964–1992 ) in the present

Development after 1993

Sociologický ústav AV ČR (1990–)

The origins of the Sociologický ústav AV ČR (SOÚ AV ČR, Sociological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic) date back to 1990, when the Sociologický ústav ČSAV was split off from the Ústav pro filosofii a sociologii ČSAV (1970 –1990) and several rehabilitated sociologists (such as Lubomír Brokl or Pavel Machonin ) from the 1960s were admitted. In 1993, following the dissolution of Czechoslovakia, a purely Czech institute was founded.

Sociologický ústav SAV

The Sociologický ústav Slovenskej akadémie vied (SÚ SAV, Sociological Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences) goes back to the institute of the same name that was established in 1990 and became independent in 1993 after the break-up of Czechoslovakia.

Sociological Societies after 1993

In 1992, the Czechoslovakian Československá sociologická společnost (ČSSS) ended its activity - on January 1, 1993, the

and next to it existed the now independent one

Both societies still exist today.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Vědecké společnosti a spolky , keyword in the Sociologická encyklopedie (Sociological Encyclopedia), ed. from Sociologický ústav AV ČR (Sociological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic), online at: encyklopedie.soc.cas.cz / ...
  2. ↑ a b Jiří Musil, Poznámky o české sociologii za komunistického režimu, in: Sociologický časopis / Czech Sociological Review , 5/2004, pages 573-595, online at: sreview.soc.cas.cz / ...
  3. ↑ a b c Česká sociologie - stručný přehled od roku 1945 , portal of the project Česká sociologie 1945-69 (Czech sociology 19455-69), online at: ceskasociologie.unas.cz / ...
  4. ↑ Pavel Machonin: K sociologii v období normalizace , in: Sociologický časopis / Czech Sociological Review , 5/2004, pages 643–650, online at: sreview.soc.cas.cz / ...
  5. ↑ Michael Voříšek: Machonin Pavel , curriculum vitae of the Sociologická encyklopedie (Sociological Encyclopedia) with a brief description of the research project 1965–1968, ed. from Sociologický ústav AV ČR (Sociological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic), online at: encyklopedie.soc.cas.cz / ...
  6. ↑ Michael Voříšek: Richta Radovan , keyword in Sociologická encyklopedie (Sociological Encyclopedia), ed. from Sociologický ústav AV ČR (Sociological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic), online at: encyklopedie.soc.cas.cz / ...
  7. ↑ Česká sociologie v letech 1965–1989 , a discussion on the subject of Czech sociology 1965–1989 from May 27, 2003 with the participation of 16 sociologists, moderated by Oto Sedláček, in: Sociologický časopis / Czech Sociological Review , 5/2004, page 695– 740, online at: sreview.soc.cas.cz / ...
  8. ↑ Zdeněk R. Nešpor: Ústav sociálně politických věd UK (1957-1969) , keyword in the Sociologická encyklopedie (Sociological Encyclopedia), ed. from Sociologický ústav AV ČR (Sociological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic), online at: encyklopedie.soc.cas.cz / ...
  9. ↑ Zdeněk R. Nešpor: Sociologický ústav ČSAV (1965-1970) , keyword in the Sociologická encyklopedie (Sociological Encyclopedia), ed. from Sociologický ústav AV ČR (Sociological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic), online at: encyklopedie.soc.cas.cz / ...
  10. ↑ a b c Zdeněk R. Nešpor: Ústav pro filosofii a sociologii ČSAV (1970–1990) , keyword in the Sociologická encyklopedie (Sociological Encyclopedia), ed. from Sociologický ústav AV ČR (Sociological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic), online at: encyklopedie.soc.cas.cz / ...
  11. ↑ Zdeněk R. Nešpor: Masarykova Sociologická společnost (1925-1950) , keyword in the Sociologická encyklopedie (Sociological Encyclopedia), ed. from Sociologický ústav AV ČR (Sociological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic), online at: encyklopedie.soc.cas.cz / ...
  12. ^ A b c Zdeněk R. Nešpor: Československá sociologická společnost při ČSAV (1964–1992) , keyword in the Sociologická encyklopedie (Sociological Encyclopedia), ed. from Sociologický ústav AV ČR (Sociological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic), online at: encyklopedie.soc.cas.cz / ...
  13. ↑ a b c d e f O nás. História , historical outline of the Sociological Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, online at: sociologia.sav.sk / ...
  14. ↑ Jan Pešek: Komunistická strana Slovenska 1948 - 1968 Členstvo, organizácia, vedenie strany , in: Acta Historica Neosoliensia 17/2014, online at: cejsh.icm.edu.pl / ...
  15. ↑ a b c Ladislav Macháček: Slovenské aspekty rozvoja sociológie v Československu, in: Sociologický Časopis / Czech Sociological Review 5/2004, pp. 631–642, online at: JSTOR 41132072
  16. ↑ Zdeněk R. Nešpor: Sociologický ústav AV ČR (1990-) , keyword in the Sociologická encyklopedie (Sociological Encyclopedia), ed. from Sociologický ústav AV ČR (Sociological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic), online at: encyklopedie.soc.cas.cz / ...