Spatial Humanities

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The Spatial Humanities ( German "spatial humanities") are an area of research in the humanities , are processed in the space-related issues with digital representations. The term appears in the last decade of the 20th century in the Anglo-Saxon language area.

origin

The spatial humanities are part of the digital humanities . They use the technology of geographic information systems to record, process, organize, analyze and present spatial data. With databases the social, economic, political and cultural development can be researched. This methodology is widespread in the ancient world and is used in many disciplines, especially the social sciences, where spatial knowledge is useful in questions about human behavior.

Spatial turn

The spatial turn is an extension of the research perspective in the cultural and social sciences, which perceives the geographical area as a cultural factor. Spatial humanities and spatial historical research emerged from the spatial turn in the social sciences. In 1989 the American geographer Edward W. Soja used this term as a chapter heading in the book Postmodern Geographies .

development

The development process of spatial humanities includes post-modern theories about space and space, e-science , Web 2.0 and a participatory, learning society that is interested in the use of space. Typical questions are: How would the space be best used today? How were the rooms used and perceived historically? Science integrates this view of space and time and visualizes the result in plans so that, for example, the ancient scholar has a clear working basis for the water supply in the ancient forum. This creates new representations with an insight into the world of perceptions.

Geographic information system

Geographic information systems ( GIS ) can record, store, analyze and visualize data from the environment. Analysis functions and simulations lead to an explicit spatial reference.

Forerunners are, for example, archaeological distribution maps that show the occurrence of a certain type of find in a limited area. They create plans that lead to new insights into the density of finds. The geographic information systems are linked to additional digital information such as scans or measurement data. This resulted in a development towards the 3D view and spatial humanities.

Projects in German-speaking countries

literature

  • A. Baker: Geography and History: bridging the divide (Cambridge, UK, 2003); D. Clayton: Historical Geography, In: R. Johnston, D. Gregory, G. Pratt, M. Watts (Eds.): The Dictionary of human geography (Oxford, UK, 2000), 337-341.
  • DJ Bodenhamer, J. Corrigan, TM Harris (Eds.): The Spatial Humanities: GIS and the Future of Humanities Scholarship (Indiana University Press, 2010).
  • DJ Bodenhamer, J. Corrigan, TM Harris: Deep Mapping and the Spatial Humanities. In: International Journal of Humanities and Arts Computing, 7.1–2 (2013), 170–175.
  • KC Bruhn, F. Kern, F. Schwartz: SpatialHumanities - A new research discipline. Gis.Business 1/2014, pp. 53–55.
  • S. Daniels, D. Delyser, J. Nicholas Entrikin: Envisioning Landscapes, Making Worlds: Geography and the Humanities. Routledge Chapman & Hall, 2011.
  • M. Dear, J. Ketchum, S. Luria, D. Richardson (Eds.): GeoHumanities: Art, History, Text at the Edge of Place, Routledge, 2011.
  • J. Döring, T. Thielmann (Eds.): Spatial Turn, Das Raumparadigma in der Kultur- und Sozialwissenschaften (Bielefeld 2008).
  • MF Goodchild, G. Donald Janelle: Toward critical spatial thinking in the social sciences and humanities. In: GeoJournal, February 2010, Volume 75, Issue 1, 3–13.
  • IN Gregory, A. Hardie: Visual GISting: Bringing Together Corpus Linguistics and Geographical Information Systems, Literary and Linguistic Computing 26, No. 3 ( Jan. 9, 2011), pp. 297-314. doi: 10.1093 / llc / fqr022 .
  • IN Gregory, A. Geddes (Ed.): Toward Spatial Humanities: Historical GIS and Spatial History (Bloomington 2014).
  • TM Harris, LJ Rouse, S. Bergeron: The Geospatial Semantic Web, Pareto GIS, and the Humanities (Glasgow 2010).
  • B. Hillier, A. Leaman, P. Stansall, M. Bedford: Space syntax. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 3 (2), pp. 147-185 (1976).
  • Liao Chin Hsien, Chang Hsueh Sheng: The Use of Spatial Analysis Techniques in Mapping Potential Natural Hazard Areas: A Case Study of Taiwan. In: Procedia Environmental Sciences, 2011, Vol. 10, 1092-1097.
  • Motosuke Ishii: Spatial analysis of the changing agrarian structure in postwar Japan: approaches from the socio-geographical perspectives. In: Occasional papers / Meiji University Tokyo, Department of Geography; 1 Memoirs of the Institute of Humanities; No. 34 (Tokyo 1994).
  • M. Jessop: The Visualization of Spatial Data in the Humanities. In: Literary and Linguistic Computing, Volume 19, Issue 3, 2004, 335-350.
  • M. Jessop: The Inhibition of Geographical Information in Digital Humanities Scholarship. In: Literary and Linguistic Computing 23, No. 1 (January 4, 2008): 39-50. doi: 10.1093 / llc / fqm041
  • AK Knowles, A. Hillier: Placing history: how maps, spatial data, and GIS are changing historical scholarship, ESRI Press, 2007.
  • B. Kümin, C. Usborne: 1. At Home And In The Workplace: A Historical Introduction To The “Spatial Turn”. In: History and Theory, Vol. 52 (3), 2013, 305-318.
  • F. Lange, M. Unold, F. Schwartz: GenericViewer - Semantic Annotation and 3D Information in Spatial Humanities. In: 1st Annual Conference of Digital Humanities in German-speaking countries (DHd 2014).
  • A. Okabe: GIS-based Studies in the Humanities and Social Sciences (Boca Raton 2006).
  • E. Paliou: Reconsidering the concept of visualscapes: Recent advances in three-dimensional visibility analysis. In: A. Bevan, M. Lake (Eds.): Computational Approaches to Archaeological Spaces. Walnut Creek: Left Coast Press, 2013. http://www.academia.edu/attachments/30424631/download_file
  • E. Paliou, DJ Knight: Mapping the senses: Perceptual and Social aspects of Late Antique Liturgy in San Vitale, Ravenna. Proceedings of CAA 2010, Computer Applications and Quantitative methods in Archeology, International Conference, Granada April 6-9, 2010. http://www.academia.edu/attachments/30532983/download_file
  • S. Rau (Hrsg.), E. Schönherr (Hrsg.): Mapping Spatial Relations, Their Perceptions and Dynamics The City Today and in the Past (Erfurt 2014).
  • EC Robertson, JD Seibert, DC Fernandez, AU Zender: Space and Spatial Analysis in Archeology (Calgary 2006).
  • J. Rouse, S. Bergeron, T. Harris: Participating in the Geospatial Web: collaborative mapping, social networks and Participatory GIS, in: A. Scharl and K. Daughtermann (Eds.): The Geospatial Web: how geobrowsers, social software and the Web 2.0 are shaping the network society (Rotterdam, 2007), 153-158; The spatial web: an Open GIS Consortium (OGC) White Paper, http://www.opengis.org/ (accessed January 9, 2009); D. Butler: Virtual Globes: the web-wide world, in: Nature 439, 2006, 776-778; M. Egenhofer: Toward the Semantic Geospatial Web, GIS 2002 (ACM).
  • F. Schwartz: From the surface to the square. Urbanization and Territorialization of the Piazza di San Giovanni in Florence, in: Square and Territory. Urban structure shapes political spaces. In: Italian research by the Art History Institute in Florence, I Mandorli, Volume 11, ed. v. Alessandro Nova and Cornelia Joechner, Berlin 2010, pp. 167–195.
  • M. Unold, F. Lange: Relating texts to 3D-information: A generic software environment for Spatial Humanities. In: Digital Humanities. Lausanne '14.
  • B. Warf, S. Arias: The spatial turn: Interdisciplinary perspectives . Abingdon 2009.
  • R. White: What Is Spatial History ?, Spatial History Lab: Working paper; Submitted 1 February 2010. Currently in review ( http://www.stanford.edu/group/spatialhistory/cgi-bin/site/pub.php?id=29 ).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Jörg Göring, Tristan Thielmann: The spatial turn and the secret knowledge of geographers. Introduction: What do we read in space? ( Memento of December 22, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF)
  2. ↑ M. Schüle, T. Bieser, P. Karänke, S. Kirn: Integration of a multi- agent simulation in a geographic information system. In: M. Bichler u. a. (Ed.): Multikonferenz Wirtschaftsinformatik 2008, p. 315.