Spinal ganglion

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Scheme of a spinal nerve (only shown on one side; shown in yellow), formed from anterior root and posterior root ("posterior root") with the spinal ganglion

The spinal ganglion ( ganglion spinal ), also called intervertebral ganglion , dorsal ganglion or posterior root ganglion , is a nerve node ( ganglion ) of nerve cells of the peripheral nervous system that is still located within the spinal canal . It represents a collection of perikarya of those primary afferent neurons whose central neurite carries sensible signals via the posterior root into the spinal cord to its posterior column and posterior cord on the same side. Per spinal segment depending on a spinal nerve and dorsal root ganglion is formed on both sides of which (as spindle-shaped swelling on the rear of a spinal nerve root in the intervertebral foramen intervertebral foramen ) of the associated segment is located.

Histological image of a tissue section through a human spinal ganglion

A spinal ganglion contains, in particular, the cell bodies of nerve cells of the peripheral nervous system, the cell extensions of which conduct signals to the half of a segment of the spinal cord on the same side. These sensitive neurons represent pseudounipolar nerve cells and have neurites running in sensitive nerve fibers . The receptor endings of their dendrites collect information - both the somatosensitivity of the body wall and the viscerosensitivity of the intestines - from a certain (segment-related) innervation area of one half of the body (except the head area, where cranial nerves take over this task). Your axons conduct the information via the fibers of the posterior nerve root on the same side ( radix posterior or radix dorsalis ) into the spinal cord. Signals from the other half of the body flow to a spinal cord segment via the dorsal root fibers on the opposite side.

In a spinal ganglion, the nerve cell bodies of these spinal ganglion cells are surrounded by special glial cells , the mantle cells (satellite cells ). Blood-carrying hair vessels , capillaries , run between the cells of the nervous tissue , which - in contrast to those of the central nervous system - are fenestrated (windowed).

literature

  • Franz-Viktor Salomon: nervous system, systema nervosum . In: Salomon / Geyer / Gille (Hrsg.): Anatomy for veterinary medicine . Enke Stuttgart, 2004, pp. 464-577. ISBN 3-8304-1007-7