Spoofing
Spoofing ( English for manipulation , concealment or pretense ) is the term used in information technology to describe various methods of deception in computer networks to conceal one's own identity. In this context, people are sometimes referred to as “spoofers”.
In the past, spoofing only meant the attacker's attempt to forge IP packets in such a way that they carried the sender address of another (sometimes trustworthy) host . However, this method was later applied to other data packets as well. Today, spoofing encompasses all methods with which authentication and identification procedures can be undermined, which are based on the use of trusted addresses or host names in network protocols .
Since 2006, spoofing has been used more and more in web applications ; this is called phishing . The most recent activities with an illegal background include mostly telephone spoofing, called Call ID spoofing . Terms such as content spoofing, link spoofing, frame spoofing, etc. are explained under URL spoofing .
Spoofing is also used in CEO fraud .
As reported in the Wall Street Journal , spoofing in financial markets is mostly done by hedge funds and high frequency traders. A market player engaged in spoofing sends one or more sell or buy orders that are large in relation to the normal trading volume, which he withdraws from the market at lightning speed before they are executed. This influences the other market participants because they adjust the prices of their sell and buy orders accordingly. The spoofer then uses this market movement to its own advantage and can then sell more expensive or buy cheaper. The first criminal convictions for spoofing were reported in the USA in 2015.
GNSS spoofing describes the overwriting of the signals from satellites of global navigation systems by powerful radio transmitters in order to make navigation systems temporarily inoperable or to play incorrect position information for them. In April 2019, the Center for Advanced Defense published a study in which almost 10,000 cases of jammers from the Russian Federation were documented within 2 years , which interfered with the signals of the GPS system and similar systems such as Galileo , Glonass and Beidou to the positions of government objects, military installations and important personalities.
Individual evidence
- ^ Report of the WSJ on spoofing in financial markets . Retrieved October 27, 2015.
- ↑ Reuters: US high-frequency trader convicted in first US 'spoofing' case . In: The Guardian , November 4, 2015. Retrieved November 8, 2015.
- ↑ Animated example of Mr Coscia's trading , FINAL NOTICE Financial Conduct Authority
- ↑ Center for Advanced Defense: "ABOVE US ONLY STARS" c4reports.org from April 2019