Spring apparatus
The spring apparatus occurs in bony fish with an indirect type of sound generation at the swim bladder , for example in whiskers , cross and thorn catfish . It consists of a thin sheet of bone ( Ramus Mülleri ) that makes the swim bladder vibrate by means of muscle contractions .
The so-called sound muscles pull on the spring apparatus, which is why they are also known as extensor muscles. This enlarges the swim bladder. When the sonic muscles relax, the spring apparatus returns to its normal position. The spring apparatus is also used to adapt to certain speeds, which also explains why no intrinsic muscles have developed in the catfish . Catfish with a spring apparatus are called arioids . Within the arioids a distinction is made based on the shape of the tip of the spring apparatus, so that there are still the doradoids as a subordination. These include, for example, the Mochokidae , the Neutropic Doradoids and the Auchenopterids . These subclasses are similar in their synapomorphic characteristics.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Friedrich Ladich, Michael L. Fine: Sound-Generating Mechanisms in Fishes: A Unique Diversity in Vertebrates. (PDF) Accessed December 3, 2016 .