Jumping rope
Jumping rope is a sport in which a rope is used, through which the rope skipper jumps artfully or as quickly as possible. Once known as a children's game, jumping rope has now developed into a competitive sport. The English term rope skipping is particularly common in Germany , and the championships are also held under this name in Switzerland. English names are also common for disciplines, jumps, rope types and commands. Jumping rope is not only known as a single sport, but is also an element of various fitness sports, such as CrossFit .
history
The history of jumping rope is not fully known. Presumably it was exported to America by Dutch emigrants in the 17th century. There it survived, as in Europe, as a children's game in schoolyards and streets.
In 1980, the German choreographer and teacher Rainer Pawelke presented jumping rope as part of a sports theater project as a stage show at the University of Regensburg, where he worked as a lecturer in sports teacher training. In the following years he made jumping rope known as a group choreography in several Germany tours and in television programs. In 1993, Pawelke published the first known official rope jump brochure in cooperation with the AOK .
Independently of this, the German sports teacher Wolfgang Westrich and his team, the “ Rusty Jumpers ”, which still exist today, brought the sport from America to Germany as part of a student exchange in the early 1980s .
In 1994 the German Gymnastics Federation (DTB), with the support of the German Heart Foundation, published a brochure on the subject of jumping rope for the first time. Since then, jumping rope has been offered in many gymnastics and sports clubs as a competitive or recreational sport. Fitness studios also offer jump rope courses, and many martial arts, such as boxing , rope jump for warm-up and endurance training.
An initiative by the American Heart Association contributed to the spread of jumping rope in the United States .
In the meantime, the advantages of jumping rope as a training for stamina, coordination and speed have established themselves in almost all sports. In 2012, Thomas Käbisch, the inventor of PROspeedrope, launched the speedrobic skipping rope course format and rope jumping workshops of various levels. Since 2013, jumping rope has also been a discipline for a German sports badge .
Disciplines
The disciplines in jumping rope can be roughly divided into the following three categories.
Single jump
In individual jumping, each individual jumper has a single speed rope, link rope or a synthetic rope. These ropes are of different lengths. In addition to the normal two-legged jumping ( easy jump ) and the running step, multiple punctures and a large number of different trick jumps are possible. These multiple jumps in particular are known from various fitness sports and are often referred to as "double-unders".
Wheel
When Wheel ( wheel ) multiple Springer, form a chain by reporting on each of their members a handle rope to the left and right neighbors. Tricks such as turning or changing places can be performed while jumping.
Double Dutch
In Double Dutch ( gibberish ), two opposing vibrators hit two ropes in the opposite direction. In the middle, one or more jumpers can perform various tricks and stunts, and swing tricks are also possible.
Rope types
There are mainly three types of ropes in jumping rope, each intended for specific disciplines.
Speed rope
In contrast to traditional hemp ropes, the Speed Rope ( single rope ) is made of solid plastic. The plastic rope is led through a hollow handle at both ends. This allows the rope to turn more easily and the rope can rotate faster and with less effort. This rope is mainly used for simple exercises, for example for warming up, and partly for quick disciplines.
For the speed discipline, most experienced jumpers use a wire rope, with which they can jump even faster, because the rope is heavier, keeps its shape and the handles are designed to make the rope rotate more easily.
There are even faster versions of this rope that have handles with ball bearings, for example.
Long handle
The Long Handle ( long handle rope ) has longer handles that make it easier to jump the most jumps, especially of arm and leg combinations, which is why it is used by most jumpers freestyle. Long handles are used by advanced jumpers after the speed rope.
Beaded rope
When Beaded Rope ( link cable ) are plastic rollers on a nylon cord, like pearls on a string, strung. As a result, the rope has a more stable trajectory compared to simple plastic ropes and is therefore particularly well suited for acrobatic jumps and wheel jumping. The link chains are heavier than those of normal ropes and therefore slower. It is also often used for shows because of its special look.
Long rope
The term long rope refers to ropes that are braided like mountaineering ropes, about one centimeter in diameter. Usually they are used in pairs of three to five meters in length for the Double Dutch .
Competitions
In jumping rope there are both individual and team competitions.
- Germany
The level of the individual competitions in the DTB is divided into beginners' competitions (E4), gaume championships (E3), federal / state finals (E2) and German / state individual championships (E1). The individual competitions in Germany consist of three speed disciplines and one freestyle. The team competitions are divided into gaume championship (T3), national team championship (T2) and German team championship (T1). At least four to six jumpers per team must take part in team competitions. These competitions each include two speed disciplines and four freestyle disciplines, with the jump forms single jump and double strike being represented in equal parts. There are also show competitions, which are divided into Kids Cup (S3), Jump Cup (S2) and Demo Cup (S1).
- Switzerland
In addition to individual championships, Swiss team championships have also been held annually since 2012. There are competition types from three participants, for the show type there are four to six.
Freestyle
As Freestyle ( German : "Freestyle") is called a free program that is bound to music. Every jumper or team puts together an individual series of jumps. Usually the demonstration can last a maximum of 1:15 minutes. A jury evaluates the difficulty of the individual jumps (level rating) as well as the creativity of the composition and the technical execution. The level rating distinguishes between 0 and 4 levels. Level 0 are jumps that are only made in the foot area (e.g. side straddle ; the legs are alternately straddled). Level 1 are jumps in which the arm posture changes (e.g. criss cross , crossing arms). A level 2 jump is, for example, the Double Under Cross , in which the jumper jumps up once and the rope swings under him twice. On the second swing, he crosses his arms as in the crossover. The level 3 jumps include arm and leg combinations, such as the toad jump or pretzel . At level 4 there is, for example, the Quadruple Under (fourfold breakthrough), higher multiple breakthroughs (fivefold, sixfold) or other more complicated triples.
Speed disciplines
In the speed disciplines ( speed disciplines ) the aim is to jump as large as possible of a given type in a given time. The number of jumps is counted by a judge. Friederike Müller jumped 94 jumps in 30 seconds in 2006, Daniel Stannard in 2010. It should be mentioned here that only every landing of the right foot is counted, i.e. a total of 188 rope breaches. There are also speed disciplines in the Double Dutch . Here the principle is similar, although here mostly jumper-oscillator changes are also carried out.
World and European championships
World championships are held annually in rope skipping, and European championships are also held in uneven years. The last World Cup took place from June 30th to July 10th 2017 in Orlando (Florida) , the EM 2017 took place from July 26th to 28th in Braga , Portugal . Participation is open to athletes aged 16 and over who are in the first five places in the German points ranking until shortly before the start of the World or European Championship. This means that there is no need to attend qualification competitions or meet certain standards.
show
Similar to acrobatics or different dance styles, jumping rope is often used as a show sport due to its versatility . Here teams create sequences of various jump variants to music, with which they want to inspire the audience. In addition to the usual competitions described above, there are also show competitions in the competition area, which are not only about difficulty and demands, but also about the best show. Another variant is pretty new. The jumper sits on the ground without his feet touching the ground. The body is then lifted and the rope is pulled through under the body. On Saturday, November 2, 2013, 20-year-old Anika Stuhr managed to pull the rope under her body 132 times in 60 seconds on the show Deutsche Meister 2013 . With that she reached a European record.
Organizations
In Germany, jumping rope is organizationally part of gymnastics and therefore part of the German Gymnastics Federation (DTB). A technical committee for jumping rope was set up there in 2004 . The chairman of this committee is Signe Richter, who established rope skipping in Germany. Among other things, the committee is responsible for the implementation of the German championships, the development of competition regulations as well as the training of judges and trainers.
In Switzerland, SATUS Switzerland is the official professional association for rope jumping. In Austria, the Austrian Association for Gymnastics (ÖFT) is responsible. The European jumping rope association is the European Rope Skipping Organization (ERSO) . The world association is the International Rope Skipping Federation - Fédération internationale de saut à la corde (IRSF-FISAC) .
Individual evidence
- ↑ See, for example, skipping rope and jumping rope - how it all began. In: Golden Stallion. February 11, 2016.
- ↑ Overview of the German individual and team records on the website of the German Gymnastics Association. Retrieved April 30, 2015.
