Site of the Cross Temple

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Nestorian inscription in the Temple of the Cross

The site of the Cross Temple , site of the Cross Monastery or site of the Shizi Temple , etc. (Shizi si yizhi 十字 寺 遗址 , English Cross Temple site / etc. ) Is an ancient site of the Mongol dynasty as in China Jingjiao called Nestorians . It is located northwest of the village Chechang ( 车厂村 ) of the city subdistrict Zhoukoudian ( 周口店镇 ) of the southwestern municipality Fangshan ( 房山区 ) of the Chinese capital Beijing . The Cross Temple was one of the few well-documented Nestorian sacred buildings in China.

The buildings are no longer preserved today. The temple had three halls, of which only the foundations and two steles in its courtyard have been preserved. The site has been on the list of monuments of the People's Republic of China since 2006 (6-2).

history

Nestorianism came to China during the Tang Dynasty from the 7th to the 9th centuries. The original Buddhist temple was built in the time of the Jin Dynasty , its original name was Chongsheng Temple ( 崇 圣 院 , Chongsheng yuan ). During the Tang Dynasty, it became a Nestorian temple. In the Yingli era (952–958) of the Liao dynasty , it was restored and again became a Buddhist temple. In the 18th year of the Zhizheng era (1358) of the Yuan Dynasty , the temple was restored one more time. The last Chinese Mongol emperor Yuan Shundi ( 元 顺帝 ) gave it the name Cross Temple ( 十字 寺 , English Cross Temple / Temple of the Cross / Shizisi Temple ). It became a temple of Nestorianism once more. He was Buddhist again in the Ming and Qing dynasties .

In the Yunju monastery or Yunju temple ( 雲居寺  /  云居寺 ) in the large community Dashiwo ( 大 石窝 镇 ) of the same city ​​district , inscriptions from the Nestorian (Chinese Jingjiao ) "cross monastery" ( 十字 寺 , Shizisi , English monastery) were found of the Cross ) from the time of the Mongol rule, which are now kept in the Nanjing Museum .

literature

  • Xu Pinfang: "Beijing Fangshan shizisi yelikewen shike." [The Nestorian / Yelikewen Inscription at the Cross Temple in Fangshan, Beijing]. Zhongguo wenhua 7 (1992), pp. 184-189 web (PDF; 361 kB)
  • Shi Mingpei 石明培: Lüe lun Jinjiao zai Zhongguo de huodong yu Beijing de Jingjiao yiji 略论 景教 在 中国 的 活动 与 北京 的 景教 遗迹 / 略論 景教 在 中國 的 活動 與 北京 的 景教 遺跡 [Nestorianism in China and its sites in Beijing]. Journal of Beijing Union University (Natural Sciences)北京 聯合 大學 學報 (自然科學 版) 2000.1, pp. 90–93 ( web )
  • Jiang Bo: Survey of the Cross Temple Site in Beijing (Northern Song Dynasty - Qing Dynasty) 2005 (Chinese)
  • Tang Gengsheng 汤 更生 / 湯 更生 (Deputy Secretary General of the China Society for Library Science) (中國 圖書館 學會): Beijing Fangshan Shizi si Liao-Yuan at zhiyi 北京 房山 十字 寺 辽 元 碑 质疑 [Investigation of the Liao or Yuan period Steles in the Cross Temple (Shizi Temple) of Fangshan, Beijing], Beijing tushuguan guankan 北京 图书馆 馆 刊 /1998.1
  • Virginia Stibbs Anami: Encounters with ancient Beijing , p. 144 f.
  • Pierre Marsone: “When was the Temple of the Cross at Fangshan a 'Christian temple'”, paper presented at: 2nd International Conference on the Church of the East in China and Asia, Salzburg, June 1–6 2006. ( Online )

Web links

Coordinates: 39 ° 44 ′ 35 ″  N , 115 ° 54 ′ 5 ″  E