St. Maria Magdalena to the buses

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St. Maria Magdalena zur Busse , also called Bethlehem, was a convent on the Eigelstein in Cologne . It emerged from a Beguine Convent , adopted the Augustinian Hermit Rule in 1475 and existed until it was repealed on the occasion of the secularization in 1802.

history

Richmud, the widow of Gottschalk von Wippervurde and daughter of Ludwig von der Mühlengasse, was the founder of the property. The donated house on the Eigelstein should offer space for 50 beguines. The name "zur Busse" (cane) or Latin ad pixidem went back to the previous owner of the Reyner Busse house. The convent's possessions were limited, so in 1452 only eight Beguines lived here. In 1471, the Quatermart family, following the Wuppervurdes, converted the house into a monastery, which initially housed 24 dispossessed, no longer able to work maids and so-called “ fallen girls ”. Two years later, supervision of the house was also transferred to the city of Cologne.

From 1475 the monastery adopted the rule of Augustinian hermits and from that point on the name Bethlehem, which was approved by Pope Sixtus IV a year later . This formal founding of the monastery was accompanied by the permission to own a church with altars, bell and bell tower, cemetery, enclosure , dormitory and refectory . At the instigation of Emperor Friedrich III. The city supported the construction of a monastery and church from 1480 and allowed the weaving and processing of wool and linen, but in 1486 limited the increasing number of residents back to the original 50.

The Cologne chroniclers recorded an uprising in 1492 , presumably because of forced labor .

After the dissolution of the monastery in 1802, the property became the property of the municipal poor administration, and the church was subsequently demolished.

Buildings and equipment

According to Clemen / Vogt 1937, there is said to have been a chapel in honor of Saints Maria Magdalena and Maria of Egypt as early as 1471, but according to Marianne Gechter the evidence is poor. It can be proven, however, that the Friedrich III. supported church in 1525 definitely existed and was used. In the 17th century further construction work can be proven, including a new sacristy.

Baroque furnishings (altars, paintings, pulpit, organ) are documented in the documents that have survived, but parts of them are no longer there.

Lore

In the state archive of North Rhine-Westphalia there are 33 documents and 0.5 m files from the period from 1455 onwards.

See also

literature

  • Ludwig Arntz, Heinrich Neu, Hans Vogts (arrangement): Augustinian convent S. Maria Magdalena, called Bethlehem and for penance (Eigelstein). In: Paul Clemen in connection with Hans Vogts and Fritz Witte (ed.): The art monuments of the city of Cologne. Supplementary volume. Düsseldorf 1937 (ND 1980), pp. 228-229.
  • Marianne Gechter: St. Maria Magdalena. In: Colonia Romanica 11 (= Cologne churches and their medieval furnishings, vol. 2) (1996), p. 128.
  • Marianne Gechter: St. Maria Madgalena. Chapel of the Augustinian convent (demolished after 1802). In: Colonia Romanica 20 (= Cologne churches and their furnishings in Renaissance and Baroque, vol. 3). Cologne (2005), p. 213.
  • Gerold Bönnen, Frank G. Hirschmann: Monasteries and monasteries from around 1200 to the Reformation (GAR, map and BH IX / 3). Bonn 2006, p. 34.
  • Joachim Oepen: A sunken world, in: upside down: The Eigelstein - Scene of Cologne History 2. (Catalog accompanying the exhibition of the same name). Bachem-Verlag, Cologne 2014, pages 65–69, therein on Maria Magdalena for penance, see page 67

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Ludwig Arntz, Heinrich Neu, Hans Vogts: Augustinian convent S. Maria Magdalena, called Bethlehem and to Busse (Eigelstein) . In: Paul Clemen, Hans Vogts, Fritz Witte (eds.): The former churches, monasteries, hospitals and school buildings of the city of Cologne (=  The art monuments of the city of Cologne . Supplementary volume). L.Schwann, Düsseldorf 1937, p. 228-229 .
  2. ↑ a b Marianne Gechter: St. Maria Magdalena . In: Förderverein Romanische Kirchen Köln (Hrsg.): Cologne churches and their medieval furnishings (=  Colonia Romanica. Yearbook of the Förderverein der Romanischen Kirchen in Köln eV No. 11 ). tape 2 . Greven Verlag, Cologne 1996, p. 128 .
  3. ^ Leonard Ennen, History of the City of Cologne , Volume 3, 1869, p. 830
  4. ^ Carl Dietmar (ed.), Die Chronik Kölns . Chronik-Verlag, Dortmund 1991. ISBN 3-611-00193-7 . P. 143 (paragraph Revolt of the "converted sinners" )
  5. ↑ a b c Marianne Gechter: St. Maria Madgalena. Chapel of the Augustinian convent (demolished after 1802) . In: Förderverein Romanische Kirchen in Köln (Ed.): Cologne churches and their furnishings in the Renaissance and Baroque periods (=  Colonia Romanica. Yearbook of the Förderverein Romanische Kirchen in Köln . Nr. 20 ). tape 3 . Greven Verlag, Cologne 2005, p. 213 .
  6. ↑ Maria Magdalena (Order 248). In: historischesarchivkoeln.de. Retrieved November 27, 2018 .

Coordinates: 50 ° 56 '53.5 "  N , 6 ° 57' 23.9"  E