Basic State Laws of the Russian Empire
The basic state laws of the Russian Empire ( Russian Основные государственные законы Российской империи ) formed the first and at the same time only constitution of the Russian Empire . She occurred on April 23rd . / May 6, 1906 greg. in force just before the opening of the first State Duma .
Matthias Stadelmann wrote: "For the Duma [...] the enactment of a constitution before its meeting was an affront and at the same time a foretaste of the future, completely negative attitude that the emperor should show towards it." July 1906, Emperor Nikolai II dissolved the parliament.
Constitutional content
The constitution affirmed the autocratic rule ("Supreme Autonomous Power") of the Emperor of All Russia , but also confirmed the rights and obligations of the citizens, which were guaranteed by the October Manifesto . The October Manifesto, which took place after the Russian Revolution of 1905 on October 17th . / October 30, 1905 greg. was issued at the instigation of the reformist Sergei Yulievich Witte , can in this respect be regarded as a predecessor of the first Russian constitution. This constitution of the Russian Empire was only replaced by the Soviet constitution of 1924 after the October Revolution and the Russian Civil War in late 1922 .
However, this constitution did not make the Russian Empire a real constitutional monarchy . The constitution made human rights subject to the law. In addition, due to the right of veto, the laws themselves could not come into force without the consent of the Tsar. However, no law could come into force without the approval of the Duma. The Tsar also had the option of dissolving the Duma.
See also
Web links
- Basic State Laws of the Russian Empire of April 23, 1906 . Wording in German translation from Verfassungen.net , requested on June 5, 2020
Footnotes
- ^ Matthias Stadelmann: The Romanovs . Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2008, p. 224 ( online resource ).