City fortifications of Klagenfurt
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The city fortifications of Klagenfurt lay somewhat within the four ring roads (Villacher, Vikringer, Völkermarkter and St. Veiter Ring). It was razed by the French in 1809/10.
history
The first city fortifications were built by the brothers Heidenreich and Albrecht von Hallegg in the middle of the 13th century.
In 1514 Klagenfurt was destroyed by a devastating fire. In 1518, Emperor Maximilian gave the city to the Carinthian estates as hereditary property with the condition that the city be rebuilt and fortified. In 1534, the construction of a large fortification system began according to plans by the fortress builder Domenico dell'Allio in the old Italian fortification manner. The construction work was not completed until 1591.
In 1799 Napoleon's troops occupied Klagenfurt. When they withdrew in 1809/10, they blew up the fortress belt with the exception of the Völkermarkter Tor, which was razed in 1867. In the middle of the 19th century, the ramparts were partially leveled and the city moat was filled in. Parks were created on St. Veiter and Villacher Ring.
description
The fortress belt consisted of a circumferential wall with a 15 meter high and sloping quarry stone wall with a ladder bulge in the upper third of the wall. The corners and the middle parts of the complex were reinforced by ear bastions . The four city gates were located next to the central bastions with casemates and accessible from the city center via wide ramps. The posternes , which led across the wall on both sides of the ramps, connected the city with the casemates and the moat. The excavated material of the trench was heaped up on the city side for the wall. Hence the Heiliggeistschütt, Geyerschütt and Kardinalschütt got their name. The seven meter deep city moat was filled with water from the Lend Canal, which was started in 1527 .
The Wölfnitzer Bastei was located next to today's Künstlerhaus, the Ebenthaler Bastei by the concert hall . The other two corners of the square formed the Pischeldorfer Bastei in the northeast and the Viktringer Bastei in the southeast. A small square was created behind the middle gate bastions. The St. Veiter Tor stood on today's Heuplatz, the Völkermarkter Tor on Kardinalsplatz, the Villacher Tor on Stauderplatz and the St. Ruprecht Gate in the area of today's Paulitschgasse.
The northern St. Veiter Gate , completed in 1584, was crowned by two giants with helmets and halberds on the coats of arms of Austria and Carinthia . Between them stood the bare Fortuna on a winged ball . The western Villacher Tor was decorated with the imperial eagle and the Carinthian coat of arms made by Ulrich Vogelsang. The southern Viktringer Tor was started by Johann Anton Verda and completed by Ulrich Vogelsang in 1589/90. The figural-plastic crowning of the gate consisted of a coat of arms framed with flags and two virgins. The eastern Völkermarkter Tor , completed in 1591, was decorated with the head of a Tartar robber looking out of a window and two griffins holding the Carinthian coat of arms and an inscription plaque .
Representations of the city fortifications are received from Christoph Senfft (1601/1605), Matthäus Merian (1649/1656) and Johann Weichard von Valvasor .
Remnants of the fortification
The Kardinalschütt is the remainder of the eastern Renaissance fortification. An eight meter high wall, the access ramp to the gate bastion and two posternes have been preserved. The side bulwark ears of the gate bastion were removed in the first third of the 19th century. To the south of the gate bastion, part of the fortress wall with a ladder bulge forms the sub-construction of the house Kardinalschütt No. 9. Between the houses Kardinalschütt No. 4 and No. 5, or south of the access ramp, there are the western side entrances with round-arched rustic portals made of chlorite slate .
On the west side of the house at Stauderplatz 3, remains of the former Villach Gate and the city wall have been preserved.
At Villacher Ring between the Rothauer high-rise and the former Kolping House, part of the city wall is still present.
The three-storey powder magazine of the northeast bastion is built into the eastern corner of the house at Waagplatz 2.
Lions, which originally adorned the city gates, are now in front of the houses at Heuplatz 18, Stauderplatz 3 and Getreidegasse 2.
On the Schütt above Schillerpark there is an inscription panel framed by volutes from the Villacher Tor .
The Carinthian coat of arms held by griffins from the Völkermarkter Tor can be seen in the lapidarium of the Carinthian State Museum .
Individual evidence
- ^ Hallegg Castle - Klagenfurt
- ↑ East Styria: their works of art, historical forms of life and settlement, p. 8; by Peter Krenn, Siegfried, Hartwagner. Verlag St. Peter, 1980
literature
- Dehio manual. The art monuments of Austria. Carinthia . Anton Schroll, Vienna 2001, ISBN 3-7031-0712-X , p. 346f.
- Barbara Kienzel, Wilhelm Deuer: Renaissance in Carinthia - With a contribution by Eckart Vancsa . Carinthia Verlag, Klagenfurt 1996, ISBN 3-85378-438-0 , p. 56ff.
- Claudia Fräss-Ehrfeld: History of Carinthia - The class epoch . Verlag Johannes Heyn, Klagenfurt 1994, ISBN 3-85366-685-X , pp. 258-262.
Web links
Coordinates: 46 ° 37 ′ 19.8 ″ N , 14 ° 18 ′ 15.3 ″ E