St. Peter Abbey (Einsiedel)
The St. Peter monastery on the Einsiedel in Schönbuch near Tübingen was a monastery of the brothers from living together . It was founded in 1492 and existed until 1580.
prehistory
As early as the 14th century, there was a hermitage in the area of the later St. Peter's Abbey. Count Eberhard the Elder Ä. established a stud here in 1460, which was to exist until 1810, and a hunting lodge was added in 1482.
founding
In 1492 Eberhard had buildings built for the monastery next to the hunting lodge and equipped the monastery with extensive land and financial means. On September 3, 1492, the Bishop of Constance, to which the area belonged, raised the monastery district to its own parish. Gabriel Biel was elected the first provost on September 4, 1492 , but he died three years later and was buried in the collegiate church. The founder of the monastery, Duke Eberhard im Bart, was buried here in 1496.
According to the monastery constitution, which was drawn up jointly by Biel and Eberhard, twelve canons from living together under a provost and twelve aristocratic and civil lay brothers each under a noble master were to live here in the monastery. Representatives of the three estates of the country were supposed to celebrate the praise of God day and night on behalf of all subjects of the duke and pray for the salvation of the first counts and from 1495 ducal families. This monastery constitution was a bold innovation for its time and also expanded the previous statutes for the monasteries and houses of the canons of the common life.
The brothers wore a blue cloak on which two crossed keys were attached at chest level as a symbol of Peter under the papal tiara .
Provosts of the monastery were named after Gabriel Biel, the theologian Wendelin Steinbach and Peter Brun (1463–1553). Both were or became known as scholars, wrote numerous writings and taught theology in Tübingen.
The planned canon positions could not be filled as a result, and the monastery took care of that. Nevertheless, it was not abolished in the year 1516/1517 together with other foundations of the canons of the common life, as it had a special position due to the burial place of Duke Eberhard and also had a special legal status. It was under the direct protection of the Pope and the King.
When the monastery was abolished in the course of the Reformation in 1534, five canons still lived in the monastery. Duke Eberhard's remains have now been transferred to the collegiate church in Tübingen by Duke Ulrich .
In 1580 the square monastery building was destroyed by fire and then removed with the exception of a few remains. A large part of the stones was used for the construction of the Collegium Illustre in Tübingen, which had already received part of the monastery income. The goods went to the stud farm and a dairy. In 1823 the entire estate became the private property of the Württemberg king and is still under the administration of the ducal Württemberg court chamber.
literature
- Andreas Heusel: The monastery of St. Peter zum Einsiedel in Schönbuch (1492 - 1537). Vita communis between choral service and vita rusticana. Dissertation Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen 2016 doi : 10.15496 / publication-15148
Web links
- Einsiedel Abbey in the database of monasteries in Baden-Württemberg of the Baden-Württemberg State Archives
Coordinates: 48 ° 33 ′ 19 ″ N , 9 ° 8 ′ 6 ″ E