Wendelin Steinbach

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Wendelin Steinbach , also Latinized as Wendelinus Stambachus or Wendelin von Steinbach, also spelled Stainbach (* 1454 in Butzbach ; †   January 14, 1519 in Tübingen ) was a German university professor and theologian .

Live and act

Wendelin Steinbach came from an important family of wool entrepreneurs and lay judges. Wendelin and his brother Heinrich and were sons of Henne von Steinbach, who was appointed as lay judge in 1488 and 1467, 1473 and 1480 as mayor. In 1473, Wendelin bequeathed all of his fortune to the St. Markus Foundation of the brothers who lived together in Butzbach and joined the college himself. The provost at the time was Gabriel Biel . In 1477, Biel followed the call of Eberhard von Württemberg , who founded the Urach monastery of the brothers in his residential city of Urach near the St. Amandus Church . Steinbach and his brother went with their provost and belonged to the local chapter . Wendelin, who participated in the canonical construction from 1477, then also worked as a deacon . Four years later, on November 14, 1481, he was enrolled at the University of Tübingen; his brother Heinrich, however, later stayed in Urach, succeeding Biel.

In 1481 enrolled him at the University of Tuebingen . At the same time, as a plebanus, he held the pastoral position at Hohentübingen Castle , which was elevated to a parish position in 1482. With the permission of Count Eberhard, whose advisor and confessor he was, Steinbach set up a preparatory college within the castle district. Together with Martin Plantsch he began on April 27, 1486 as Baccalaureus biblicus with exegetical lectures at the University of Tübingen. In 1487 he received his doctorate as Baccalaureus sententiarius . In 1489 he was awarded the title of theological licentiate.

In the same year, on October 12, 1489, he received his doctorate next to Konrad Summenhart (around 1458-1502) in the presence of the sovereign as well as numerous scholars and members of the Swabian nobility in a solemn act to Doctor theologiae . He had already acquired his Licentia legendi on July 16, 1489. Steinbach held the office of university rector six times , for example 1490, 1494, 1500 to 1501, 1507 to 1508, 1511 to 1512 and 1515 to 1516. He gave dogmatic as well as exegetical lectures and read about the entire Corpus Paulinum since 1510 ; he was friends with his teacher Biel until his death in 1495.

The St. Peter monastery on the Einsiedel in Schönbuch near Tübingen was a monastery of the brothers from living together. It was founded in 1492, according to the monastery constitution, which was drawn up jointly by Biel and Eberhard I , twelve canons of common life were to live here under a provost and twelve aristocratic and civil lay brothers each under a noble master. The brothers wore a blue cloak on which two crossed keys were attached at chest level as a symbol of Peter under the papal tiara . The provosts of the monastery were named after Gabriel Biel, Wendelin Steinbach and the pre-Reformation theology professor Peter Brun (1463–1553). After Gabriel Biel's death in 1495, Steinbach followed his teacher in his last station as provost of the Einsiedel, but he only retained the provost dignity of St. Peter for a few years. Because as early as 1498 he gave it up in favor of his brother Peter Brun from Kirchheim am Neckar. Nevertheless, Steinbach remained closely connected to the monastery, because after his death in January 1519 he was also buried on the Einsiedel.

After Eberhard's second successor Duke Ulrich von Württemberg had obtained the abolition of the monasteries of the brothers from living together in Württemberg from Pope Leo X. in 1516, Steinbach was ousted from the preparatory college he had set up.

His two surviving Bible commentaries are among the most important sources for the understanding of Paul and Augustine on the eve of the Reformation . In the academic confrontation with Gregor von Rimini , Steinbach decisively changed the theological positions he had taken over from Biel and founded an independent doctrine of grace that seeks to mediate between late scholasticism and radical Augustinism . Many of his students emerged later in the Reformation debates, such as Luther's teachers Johann Nathin and Johann von Staupitz , but also Luther's opponent Johannes Eck , Johann Oekolampad , Konrad Pellikan and Ambrosius Blarer . The estate of Gabriel Biel and his pupil Wendelin Steinbach probably came to the Markusstift in Butzbach after his death in 1519.

Works (selection)

  • Lectura super canone missae in alma universitate Tuwingensi lecta (Sacri canonis missae tam mystica quam literalis expositio)
  • Opera exegetica quae supersunt omnia , edited by H. Feld, 3 volumes, 1976-87;
  • Scriptum in primum librum Sentenciarum (...) Guilhelmi de Ockam (1483)
  • Sacri Canonis misse expositio (...) Gabrielis Biel (1488)
  • Quaestiones (...) Petri de Ailliaco (1490)
  • Tractatus et sermones compilati a (...) Petro de Ailliaco (1490)
  • Sermones dominicales (...) Wilhelmi Cancellarii Parisiensis (1498)
  • Epithoma expositionis Canonis misse (...) Gabrielis Biel (1499) europeana.eu
  • Sacri Canonis misse expositio (...) Gabrielis Biel (1499)
  • Sermones (...) Gabrielis Biel 4 vols., (1499–1500)

literature

  • Franz Heinrich Reusch:  Steinbach, Wendelin . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 35, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1893, p. 687.
  • Johannes Haller : The beginnings of the University of Tübingen 1477–1537. To celebrate the 450th anniversary of the university. 2 volumes. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1927–1929.
  • Johann Jacob Moser : Vitae professorum Tubingensium. Tübingen 1718, p. 32
  • Ludwig K. Walter: On the spirituality of the brothers from living together. Manuscripts and incunabula of the Fraterherrenhaus Königstein im Taunus in the Abbey Library of Aschaffenburg. ludwig-k-walter.de (PDF)
  • Ingo Trüter: Scholarly CVs, habitus, identity and knowledge around 1500. Göttingen University Press , Göttingen 2017, ISBN 978-3-86395-311-9 , oapen.org

Web links

  • Wendelin Steinbach: Collections of concepts and fair copies mainly of autographs , 2019 State Archive Baden-Württemberg leo-bw.de
  • The manuscripts of the former monastery of St. Markus zu Butzbach. Part 2, described and introduced by Joachim Ott, accessed on January 5, 2019 geb.uni-giessen.de (PDF)
  • Pre-Reformation theology professors in Tübingen (1477 to 1534), www.wlb-stuttgart.de wlb-stuttgart.de

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Johannes Eck: Butzbacher and Licher students from the end of the 14th to the middle of the 17th century. P. 12 geb.uni-giessen.de (PDF)
  2. ^ Helmut Feld:  Steinbach, Wendelin. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 25, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2013, ISBN 978-3-428-11206-7 , p. 164 f. ( Digitized version ).
  3. ^ Brill Online Reference Works
  4. ↑ Ursula Braasch-Schwersmann (Hrsg.): Hessischer Städteatlas Liefer I, 3 Butzbach. Hessian State Office for Historical Regional Studies, Marburg 2005, ISBN 3-87707-643-2 , p. 10; 7 ( accessed online in LAGIS on January 5, 2019).
  5. ^ Martin Brecht (Ed.): Theologians and theology at the University of Tübingen: Contributions to the history of Protestant theology. Contubernium (Stuttgart), Volume 15. Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 1977, ISBN 978-3-16-939692-4
  6. ^ Wilfried Schöntag: Stift der Canoniker from the common life of St. Peter on the Einsiedel - history. Monasteries in Baden-Württemberg, kloester-bw.de
  7. ↑ Christian Friedrich von Schnurrer : Explanations of the Würtemberg Church Reformation and Scholars history. JG Cotta'schen Buchhandlung, Tübingen 1798, p. 300
  8. ↑ also Peter Braun
personal data
SURNAME Steinbach, Wendelin
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Stambachus, Wendelinus
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German university teaching and theologian
DATE OF BIRTH 1454
PLACE OF BIRTH Butzbach
DATE OF DEATH January 14, 1519
Place of death Tübingen