Stool judgment

As chair judgment are judgments referred to immediately after the hearing will be announced. In German courts , chair judgments are common in certain courts.

Chair judgments are common

• at the local courts in administrative offenses and criminal matters ,
• at the social courts ,
• at the labor courts in the form of a proclamation at the end of the session.

In civil cases , chair judgments are rather unusual, but they do occur as well.

If a judgment is not issued as a chair judgment, it must be promulgated in a separate promulgation date or (if this is permissible) served in place of promulgation.