Subcortical dementia

Subcortical (or frontal-subcortical ) dementias are rare forms of dementia that must be ruled out as part of a differential diagnosis during dementia work-up.

According to Jeffrey Cummings , dementias can be divided into cortical and subcortical dementias. These differ not only according to the location of the cerebral damage ( cerebral cortex or basal ganglia ), but also according to their clinical appearance. A classic example of cortical dementia is Alzheimer's disease .

Classification

Degenerative genesis

• Dementia in Parkinson's Syndrome
• Multiple system atrophy
• Corticobasal degeneration
• Chorea huntington
• Progressive supranuclear palsy
• Spinocerebellar ataxia
• Neuroacanthocytosis
• Thalamic degeneration
• Idiopathic calcification of the basal ganglia

Vascular genesis

• subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy

Metabolic genesis

• Wilson disease
• Hypoparathyroidism

Demyelination process as the cause

• Dementia in multiple sclerosis
• AIDS dementia complex

Other causes

• Subcortical sarcoid
• Normal pressure hydrocephalus
• Dementia pugilistica
• Neuro-Beheet's disease
• Depressive pseudodementia
• Altitude sickness
• Side effect of interferon alpha therapy
• Pernicious anemia

Clinical appearance

The focus is less on the disturbance of the memory performance , but rather on a dyexecutive syndrome , dysarthria , bradyphrenia (slowed thinking), depression , bent posture, coordination disorders , gait disorders and other movement disorders ( chorea , tics , dystonia , tremor , akinesia ).

literature

• ML Albert: Subcortical dementia: historical review and personal view. In: Neurocase. 2005; 11 (4), pp. 243-245.
• RM Bonelli, JL Cummings: Frontal-subcortical dementias. In: Neurologist. 2008 Mar; 14 (2), pp. 100-107.
• JL Cummings (Ed.): Subcortical dementia. Oxford University Press, New York 1990.
• MA Turner, NF Moran, MD Kopelman: Subcortical dementia. In: Br J Psychiatry. 2002; 180, pp. 148-151.

Individual evidence

1. ^ JL Cummings: Introduction. In: JL Cummings (Ed.): Subcortical dementia . Oxford University Press, New York 1990, pp. 3-16.
2. ↑ M. Freedman: Parkinson's disease. In: JL Cummings (Ed.): Subcortical dementia . Oxford University Press, New York 1990, pp. 108-122.
3. ^ WW Beatty, KA Ryder, ST Gontkovsky, JG Scott, KL McSwan, KJ Bharucha: Analyzing the subcortical dementia syndrome of Parkinson's disease using the RBANS. In: Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2003; 18 (5), pp. 509-520.
4. ↑ TH Bak, LM Crawford, VC Hearn, PS Mathuranath, JR Hodges: Subcortical dementia revisited: similarities and differences in cognitive function between progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), corticobasal degeneration (CBD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA). In: Neurocase. 2005; 11 (4), pp. 268-273.
5. ↑ KK Zakzanis: The subcortical dementia of Huntington's disease. In: J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 1998; 20 (4), pp. 565-578.
6. ↑ PL McHugh, ME Folstein: Psychiatric syndromes in Huntington's disease. In: DF Benson, D. Blumer (Eds.): Psychiatric aspects of neurologic diseases. Grune and Stratton, New York 1975, pp. 267-285.
7. ↑ A. Magherini, I. Litvan: Cognitive and behavioral aspects of PSP since Steele, Richardson and Olszewski's description of PSP 40 years ago and Albert's delineation of the subcortical dementia 30 years ago. In: Neurocase. 2005; 11 (4), pp. 250-262.
8. ^ ML Albert, RG Feldman, AL Willis: The 'subcortical dementia' of progressive supranuclear palsy. In: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1974; 37 (2), pp. 121-130.
9. ↑ KD McDaniel: Thalamic degeneration. In: JL Cummings (Ed.): Subcortical dementia . Oxford University Press, New York 1990, pp. 132-144.
10. ↑ D. Stuss, JL Cummings: Subcortical vascular dementia. In: JL Cummings (Ed.): Subcortical dementia . Oxford University Press, New York 1990, pp. 145-163.
11. ^ RM Bonelli, JL Cummings: Frontal-subcortical dementias . Neurologist. 2008 Mar; 14 (2), pp. 100-107. PMID 18332839 .
12. ↑ C. Lang, D. Müller, D. Claus, KF Druschky: Neuropsychological findings in treated Wilson's disease . In: Acta Neurol Scand. 1990 Jan; 81 (1), pp. 75-81. PMID 2330819 .
13. ↑ SM Rao: Multiple sclerosis. In: JL Cummings (Ed.): Subcortical dementia . Oxford University Press, New York 1990, pp. 164-180.
14. ^ B. Navia: The AIDS dementia complex. In: JL Cummings (Ed.): Subcortical dementia . Oxford University Press, New York 1990, pp. 181-198.
15. ^ DA King, ED Caine: Depression. In: JL Cummings (Ed.): Subcortical dementia . Oxford University Press, New York 1990, pp. 218-230.
16. ^ ED Caine: Pseudodementia. Current concepts and future directions. In: Arch Gen Psychiatry . 1981; 38 (12), pp. 1359-1364.
17. ↑ C. Usui, Y. Inoue, M. Kimura, et al .: Irreversible subcortical dementia following high altitude illness. In: High Alt Med Biol. 2004; 5 (1), pp. 77-81.
18. ^ GJ Gilbert: Recombinant interferon-alpha-induced chorea and frontal subcortical dementia. In: Neurology. 2002; 59 (11), p. 1821; author reply 1821.
19. ↑ A. Moulignier, S. Allo, R. Zittoun, O. Gout: Recombinant interferon-alpha-induced chorea and frontal subcortical dementia. In: Neurology. 2002; 58 (2), pp. 328-330.
20. ↑ E. Saracaceanu, AV Tramoni, JM Henry: An association between subcortical dementia and pernicious anemia - a psychiatric mask. In: Compr Psychiatry. 1997; 38 (6), pp. 349-351.