Dysarthria
| Classification according to ICD-10 | |
|---|---|
| R47.1 | Dysarthria and anarthria |
| ICD-10 online (WHO version 2019) | |
Dysarthria (or obsolete dysarthrophonia or (rarely, obsolete) dysarthropneumophonia) is a collective term for various disorders of speech caused by acquired damage to the brain or the cranial nerves and the peripheral facial nerves. Both the control and the execution of speech movements can be restricted. As a result, the articulation of sounds can sound deformed or incomprehensible. In the most severe form of disorder, anarthria , there may be a complete inability to carry out speech movements (sounds or words can no longer even be breathed in). In dysarthria, the muscles and organs involved in the speech process are intact as such, as is linguistic knowledge. Only the motor innervation of the speech muscles is disturbed. The functions involved are those of the organs of articulation (lips, tongue, jaw, soft palate), breathing and the larynx.
Causes of dysarthric disorder lie in various neurological diseases, such as B. Parkinson's syndrome , stroke , traumatic brain injury , Friedreich's ataxia , spinocerebellar ataxia or major chorea (Huntington) or minor chorea (Sydenham) and multiple sclerosis . Dysarthria can also occur as a temporary neurological disorder in the run-up to a migraine attack - as a so-called migraine aura - or during a TIA ( transient ischemic attack ). In this case, the malfunction usually lasts 20 to 60 minutes.
Dysarthria can be classified as follows: spastic dysarthria, flaccid dysarthria, rigid-hypokinetic dysarthria, hyperkinetic dysarthria, and atactic dysarthria. These distinctions are made depending on the underlying disorder, have an impact on therapy and provide information on the further course of the dysarthria. In everyday clinical practice, however, mixed forms usually occur.
Assignment to a specific brain region is difficult without imaging. Standardized examination methods for diagnosing dysarthria in German-speaking countries are the Aachener materials for the diagnosis of neurogenic speech disorders (AMDNS), the Munich intelligibility profile (MVP) and the Frenchay dysarthria examination .
In many cases, the symptoms of dysarthria can be influenced by speech therapy (e.g. with a speech therapist ) and appropriate training.
Dysarthria must be differentiated from other speech disorders such as non-neurogenic dysglossia or psychogenic dyslalia and disorders of the flow of speech ( stuttering ). Speech disorders are to be distinguished from speech disorders such as dysasias or aphasias .
literature
- S1 guideline for neurogenic speech and voice disorders (dysarthria / dysarthrophonia), therapy of the German Society for Neurology (DGN). In: AWMF online (as of 2012)
- Jürgen Tesak, Anne Berndt, Antje Mefferd: Dysarthria: A guide for relatives. 2nd edition, Schulz-Kirchner, Idstein 2007, ISBN 978-3-8248-0491-7 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Christian Roth, Andreas Ferbert : Acute speech and language disorders . In: Emergency Medicine up2date . tape 12 , no. 03 , 2017, ISSN 1611-6550 , p. 291-302 , doi : 10.1055 / s-0043-116759 .
