Ida (Hinduism)

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Ida ( Sanskrit इडा iḍā f. "Labetrank") or Ila ( इळा Iļā ) is a Hindu goddess to whom various myths and functions have been ascribed. Ida changed sex several times and as a man took the name Sudyumna (Sanskrit सुद्युम्न m.).

Rigveda

In Rigveda , the oldest Hindu tradition , Ida is the personification of the sacrifice made of milk and butter. In the Vedic Apri hymns , it forms a trinity ( trinity ) together with Sarasvati and Mahi or Bharati .

Ramayana

According to a story in the epic Ramayana , Ida, son of Kardama, was the king of Bahli. When he entered the grove where Shiva meditated in a female form , Ida was transformed into a woman. Thereupon she became the wife of Budha (the planet Mercury ) and through him the mother of the Pururava . After a horse sacrifice , Ida was turned back into a man.

Puranas

In the Puran tradition , Ida is considered the daughter of Manu Vaivasvata . When the latter offered a sacrifice to the gods Mitra and Varuna with the request for a son, the priest made a mistake and instead of a son, Manu was born a daughter, whom he named Ida. By the grace of the gods Mitra and Varuna, she was transformed into a man and named Sudyumna. But a curse of Shiva turned him back into a woman, who then married Budha and thus became the ancestor of the lunar dynasty through their son (Pururavas) . After the birth of Pururavas, Vishnu transformed Ida again into the man Sudyumna, who became the father of three sons.

literature

  • George Mason Williams: Ida: A goddess. Ila: Daughter of Vaivasvata-Manu and Sraddha. In: Same: Handbook of Hindu Mythology. ABC-CLIO, Santa Barbara 2003, ISBN 1-57607-106-5 , pp. 155–156 (English; page views in the Google book search).
  • Devdutt Pattanaik: The Man Who Was a Woman and Other Queer Tales from Hindu Lore (= Haworth gay & lesbian studies ). Harrington Park Press, Routledge 2002, ISBN 1-56023-180-7 , pp. 41-48 (English; Ila as “pregnant king”; previews in the Google book search).
  • Wendy Doniger: Transformation of Subjectivity and Memory in the Mahabharata and the Ramayana. In: David Shulman, Guy S. Stroumsa (Eds.): Self and Self-Transformations in the History of Religions. Oxford University Press, New York a. a. 2002, ISBN 0-19-514450-3 , pp. 57–72 (English; Ila's transformation from man to woman; page views in the Google book search).
  • JC Heesterman: The Broken World of Sacrifice. An Essay in Ancient Indian Ritual. University of Chicago Press, Chicago 1993, ISBN 0-226-32301-3 (English; Ida as the goddess of the sacrificial food is represented by the cow; reading samples in the Google book search).
  • Ida, RV also Ila ("Labetrank"). In: Hans Wilhelm Haussig (Ed.): Gods and Myths of the Indian Subcontinent (= Dictionary of Mythology . Department 1: The ancient civilized peoples. Volume 5). Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 1984, ISBN 3-12-909850-X , pp. 85-86 ( page views in the Google book search).
  • Wendy Doniger O'Flaherty: Women, Androgynes, and Other Mythical Beasts. University of Chicago Press, Chicago 1980, ISBN 0-226-61849-8 , pp. 303-306 (English; background on Ila's gender changes; page views in the Google book search).
  • Ida . In: John Dowson : A classical dictionary of Hindu mythology and religion, geography, history, and literature. Trübner & co., London 1879, pp. 122-123 ( Text Archive - Internet Archive ).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ iḍā . In: Monier Monier-Williams : Sanskrit-English Dictionary . Clarendon Press, Oxford 1899, p 164, column 2.  - 164 Sp third .
  2. ↑ sudyumna . In: Monier Monier-Williams : Sanskrit-English Dictionary . Clarendon Press, Oxford 1899, p. 1225, col. 2 .
  3. ↑ a b Hans Wilhelm Haussig (Ed.) Gods and Myths of the Indian Subcontinent (= Dictionary of Mythology . Department 1: The ancient civilized peoples. Volume 5). Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 1984, ISBN 3-12-909850-X , pp. 85-86 ( page views in the Google book search).
  4. ↑ Ida . In: John Dowson : A classical dictionary of Hindu mythology and religion, geography, history, and literature. Trübner & co., London 1879, pp. 122-123 ( Text Archive - Internet Archive ).