Suhaib ar-Rūmī

Ṣuhaib ibn Sinān ar-Rūmī ( Arabic صهيب الرومي; born around 590 ; died in March 659 ) was a fellow prophet . He is among the first 30 people to embrace Islam.

Life

Ṣuhaib ar-Rūmī was born about 30 years before the Hijra and belonged to the Nizāritic branch of the Northern Arabs. This branch is the Banū an-Namir b. Qāsit, in whose geneaology Ṣuhaib is considered the most important person. Ṣuhaib's original name was ʿUmaira, but it was later changed due to Byzantine influence. The father or uncle of Huhaib was the governor of the Sassanids in the Mosul region. As a child, Ṣuhaib was captured and enslaved in a war between the Sassanids and Byzantines . He grew up among Greeks and only spoke broken Arabic. For this reason, Ṣuhaib later received the Nisba "the Rhomeans " (Arabic. "Ar-Rūmī"). ʿAbdallāh b. Judʿān acquired Ṣuhaib from the Banū Kalb and, according to tradition, released him. Deviating from this, the descendants of Ṣuhaib reported that their ancestor had fled and with ʿAbdallāh b. Judʿān entered into a confederation. Ṣuhaib became acquainted with Mohammed before his revelation experiences. Uhaib accepted Islam in the first phase of the proclamation in the house of al-Arqam ibn Abī l-Arqam , the so-called dār al-Arqam .

Soon after his conversion to Islam, Ṣuhaib was tortured by Meccan opponents of Muhammad, who viewed him as a defenseless victim because he had no clan to stand up for him. Tradition has it that they beat him and put iron on him and expose him to the sun. This justified Ṣuhaib's reputation for enduring torments and humiliations for faith. Ṣuhaib is also often seen as a representative of the so-called Mustadʿafīn , the oppressed or the socially disadvantaged part of the Meccan population.

According to tradition, Muhammad is said to have said that Ṣuhaib would be the first Byzantine to come to paradise. Furthermore, Mohammed gave him the Kunya Abū Yaḥyā ("Father of Yahya"), although he had no son of that name.

According to the Hijra , the adversaries of Muhammad Ṣuhaib did not allow him to move to Medina until he had given up his fortune, since he had come to Mecca without fortune and accordingly had to leave it without. Mohammed is said to have said that Huhaib was the one who made a profit. Ṣuhaib was one of the last Muslims to leave Mecca.

Ṣuhaib lived in Medina in the Suffa and took part in all major battles against the Meccans, including the battles of Badr and Uhud and the battle of the trenches .

Ṣuhaib was respected among the first two caliphs and presided over prayer at Omar's funeral. During Fitna , Ṣuhaib sought balance. He died in Medina in 659 and was buried in the Baqīʿ al-Gharqad cemetery.

Ṣuhaib married Raita, sister of the prophet's wife Umm Salama . He had the sons Ḥabīb, Ḥamza, Saʿd, Ṣāliḥ, Ṣaifī, ʿAbbād, ʿUthmʿān and Muḥammad.

Individual evidence

1. ^ Tilman Nagel: Mohammed. Life and legend. Munich 2008, p. 202
2. ↑ M. Lecker in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, sv al-Namir b. Ḳāsiṭ.
3. ^ Tilman Nagel: Mohammed. Twenty chapters on the Prophet of the Muslims. Munich 2010, p. 82
4. ↑ Mehmet Efendioğlu in: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi sv SUHEYB b. SİNÂN.