Sunday year bird
| Sunday year bird | ||||||||||
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Sundajahrvogel ( Rhyticeros subruficollis ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||
| Rhyticeros subruficollis | ||||||||||
| ( Blyth , 1843) |
The Sundajahrvogel ( Rhyticeros subruficollis ), also known as the Blythhorn bird, is a species of the hornbill family that occurs in South Asia.
The stock situation of the Sunday bird was classified in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species as " Vulnerable (VU) " = "Endangered" in 2016 .
Appearance
The Sundajahrvogel reaches a body length of 65 to 70 centimeters. On average, the beak is around 17 centimeters in the male, compared to 13.7 centimeters in the female. There is little information about the weight of this species. The three males weighed so far weighed between 1.8 and 2.2 kilograms. The sexual dimorphism is pronounced in this species.
Characteristics of the male
The crown and the nape of the male are deep reddish brown. The face, front neck and front chest, on the other hand, are cream-colored. The body plumage and wings are black. The plumage on the upper side of the body has a metallic greenish sheen. The tail is white. The beak is pale yellow with a reddish brown beak base and a narrow black line along the underside of the lower mandible. The beak horn has noticeable cross grooves and is cream-colored to pale brownish.
The bare skin around the eye is reddish purple. The large, featherless throat pouch that the male can inflate is pale yellow. The eyes are red to red-orange. The legs and feet are black.
Features of the female and young birds
The adult females are smaller than the males and have black head and neck plumage. The bare skin around the eye is dull pink, the featherless throat pouch is blue. The eyes are dark orange-brown.
In the young birds, both sexes initially show a body plumage that resembles the male. Adolescent females later molt into the dark neck and head plumage, as is typical for adult females. The beak is pale yellow and the beak horn is not yet developed.
Possible confusion
The Sundajahrvogel is very similar to the hornbill and has long been confused with this species. The wing shape of the two species differs strikingly, however: in the Sunday year bird, the hand wings are eight centimeters longer than the arm wings, while in the hornbill hand and arm wings are of the same length.
Distribution area and habitat
The range of the Sundajahrvogel is not clearly documented due to confusion with the furrow hornbill. The earlier information that the species occurs in the far east of India and Sumatra are now considered incorrect. In contrast, a deposit is documented for the southeast of Myanmar, the west, southwest and extreme south of Thailand and the north of the Malay Peninsula.
The exact requirements for the habitat are also uncertain. However, the species seems to prefer evergreen forests with extremely tall trees.
Way of life
Sunday birds are observed in small flocks of six to 20 individuals. In Myanmar a troop of Sunday birds with 33 individuals has been observed and in Thailand one with more than fifty individuals. Overall, however, the Sundajahrvogel is considered to be a very secretive and difficult to observe species, which mainly lives in the upper summit area of forest trees. The difficulty of observation is increased by the fact that the Sunday year bird occasionally uses the same nightly resting places as the similar hornbill.
The Sunday year bird is predominantly a fruit eater. However, it can be assumed that, like other hornbills, which mainly eat fruit, it supplements this with animal protein. In fact, birds kept in human care have been observed to occasionally catch and consume smaller species of birds.
The breeding biology of the Sunday year bird has not yet been conclusively investigated. However, like all hornbills, it is a cave breeder who uses natural tree hollows for its breeding. According to the current state of knowledge, he uses tree hollows at a higher height than any other hornbill species found in its range.
literature
- W. Grummt , H. Strehlow (Ed.): Zoo animal keeping birds. Verlag Harri Deutsch, Frankfurt am Main 2009, ISBN 978-3-8171-1636-2 .
- Alan Kemp: The Hornbills - Bucerotiformes . Oxford University Press, Oxford 1995, ISBN 0-19-857729-X .
Web links
- Rhyticeros subruficollis in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2012. Posted by: BirdLife International, 2012. Accessed November 1, 2016th
- The Sunday Year bird calls on Xeno-Canto
Single receipts
- ↑ Avibase for Rhyticeros subruficollis , accessed November 1, 2016
- ↑ a b c Rhyticeros subruficollis in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2016 Posted by: BirdLife International, 2016. Retrieved on 3 October 2017th
- ↑ a b Kemp: The Hornbills - Bucerotiformes . P. 230.
- ↑ Kemp: The Hornbills - Bucerotiformes . P. 232.