Super partner

Interaction eigenstates

	SM - like fields ( P R = +1 )			Super partner ( P R = -1 )
Calibration group		Spin			Spin
${\displaystyle U(1)\,\!_{Y}}$	B ( ) ${\displaystyle B\,\!}$	1	Gauge bosons	Bino ( ) ${\displaystyle {\tilde {B}}}$	½	Gauginos (fermions)
${\displaystyle SU(2)\,\!_{L}}$	W ( ) ${\displaystyle W\,\!}$	1		Winos ( ) ${\displaystyle {\tilde {W}}}$	½
${\displaystyle SU(3)\,\!_{c}}$	Gluons ( ) ${\displaystyle g\,\!}$	1		Gluinos ( ) ${\displaystyle {\tilde {g}}}$	½
-	Higgs fields () ${\displaystyle H\,\!}$		Bosons	Higgsinos () ${\displaystyle {\tilde {H}}}$		Fermions
-	Graviton () ${\displaystyle G\,\!}$	2		Gravitino () ${\displaystyle {\tilde {G}}}$	3/2
-	Leptons ( ) ${\displaystyle e,\mu ,\tau ,\nu _{e},\nu _{\mu },\nu _{\tau }\!\,}$	½	Fermions	Sleptonen ( ) ${\displaystyle {\tilde {e}},{\tilde {\mu }},{\tilde {\tau }},{\tilde {\nu }}_{e},{\tilde {\nu }}_{\mu },{\tilde {\nu }}_{\tau }}$	0	Bosons
-	Quarks ( ) ${\displaystyle d,u,s,c,b,t\!\,}$	½		Squarks ( ) ${\displaystyle {\tilde {d}},{\tilde {u}},{\tilde {s}},{\tilde {c}},{\tilde {b}},{\tilde {t}}}$	0

Supersymmetric (SUSY) theories of elementary particle physics predict the existence of at least one partner particle ( super partner or S-particle ) for every existing elementary particle , which - with the exception of the spin - has exactly the same quantum numbers .

The spin of the supersymmetric partner is i. A. by ½ less, d. H. the bosons ( integer spin) and the fermions ( half- integer spin) are each assigned supersymmetric partners from the other type of particle.

Use of the term

The term super partner refers either in the plural to a set of particles that are partner particles to one another, or in the singular to the partners of the 'normal' particles (also called sparticle in English ).

As "normal" particles in this sense (or "standard model- like " particles, because they have not yet been created by supersymmetry transformations):

• all particles (and antiparticles ) of the Standard Model of Particle Physics (SM). This includes all fundamental elementary particles experimentally proven so far .
• additional Higgs fields required by SUSY theories such as the minimal supersymmetric standard model
• the hypothetical graviton .

For these particles the R parity is +1, for their super partners −1.

Naming

• The super partner of a boson (whether particle or field) - a supersymmetrical fermion - is called bosino , the name ends in -ino (instead of -on ).
• The super partner of a fermion - a supersymmetrical boson - is called sfermion , and the name is prefixed with an S- .
• Despite their name, neutrinos are not super particles, but 'normal' fermions; their super partners are the sneutrinos .

Dimensions

In the standard model there are no particles or fields that are super partners to one another. If super partners of elementary particles actually exist in nature, it is assumed that they have a large mass and that supersymmetry is a broken symmetry in the energy range that has been experimentally accessible up to now at particle accelerators .

See also

• Chargino
• Neutralino
• Lightest supersymmetric particle , a candidate for dark matter