Synagogue (Röbel)
The former synagogue in Röbel / Müritz is one of the few surviving half-timbered synagogues in Mecklenburg and embodies the typical synagogue construction of the Müritz area. It is the last remaining synagogue in the former Müritz district .
history
Jews had been resident in Röbel since the 13th century, but they had left the country after the Sternberg Jewish pogrom in 1492. Only around 1700 there was a Jewish population in the Müritz area again, in 1702 Jews were mentioned again in Röbel. Since the Jewish community grew continuously in the following years, a prayer room that already existed in the 18th century is considered safe, even if its location is unknown.
The location of the synagogue in the city plan documents the effect of the Land Constitutional Compensation of 1755, according to which synagogues were only allowed to be built in side streets and behind the street front. There are other witnesses of Jewish culture in Röbel, such as the former Talmud school, which was a few streets away from the synagogue.
The community acquired a plot of land on Mirower Strasse and built a Jewish cemetery there, which was bordered in 1763. From the early 19th century, Jews were also allowed to purchase other properties and houses in Röbel. Around this time, the community also acquired a plot of land on Kleine Stavenstraße in the middle of the damaged area after the city fire of 1764. A barn or a stable may have been on the property before, and here the synagogue was built as a simple rectangular half-timbered building on a clay foundation reinforced with field stones built. According to two in the original plaster of the building of found-year results of the synagogue took place in 1831. The fachwerksichtige façade was closed with Ziegelgefachen and the high hipped roof with beaver tail covered -Tonziegeln. The cantilevered ceiling spans the spacious interior. The historic interior design, such as the continuous women's gallery and the separate entrances for both sexes are unfortunately no longer available. However, the traces of the color versions allow conclusions to be drawn about the original room design.
In the census in 1828, 87 Jews were counted in Röbel, and by the middle of the 19th century the community had grown to 110 people. Subsequently, the size of the congregation steadily decreased as the congregation members migrated to larger cities. The synagogue was used for church services until after the First World War, after which the Jewish community life gradually came to a standstill. The Jewish community, consisting of only a few members, sold the building to a haulage company in 1936. He built a large garage door on the east side and a repair pit inside and used the building as a workshop and garage.
The synagogue was also used as a storage room and garage after the Second World War . But the lack of repairs to the building led to ever more serious damage to the roof skin and the half-timbered construction. The rotting of the threshold caused the entire west wall to slide. A complete destruction of the synagogue was prevented by the garage that was added later.
After the synagogue in Malchow was demolished in 1992, a discussion began on the preservation of the synagogue in Röbel, which initially resulted in an emergency securing of the building, which was then in acute danger of collapse. The ownership structure of the synagogue also had to be clarified. From late autumn 2001 to summer 2003, the synagogue building was then extensively renovated, with the base area and the roof truss largely being retained, but the outer walls with half-timbered beams and tile frames being almost completely renewed. The garage door and the garage fixtures were removed and the building reconstructed in its presumed form. There are no documents about the original interior design, only some structural remains of the former women's gallery have been preserved.
Today the synagogue building forms the historical center of the Engelscher Hof youth education center. The associated buildings form an inner courtyard on the south side of the synagogue. An exhibition on the history of the Jews in Mecklenburg can be viewed in a newly built exhibition building, the synagogue itself serves as an exhibition space for changing exhibitions. Because the importance of this simple synagogue for the documentation of the history of Judaism in Mecklenburg is great.
literature
- Bulletin of the Land and People Association No. 5 Vol. 2: From the history of the synagogue in Röbel , Röbel and Berlin 2003
- Ewa Prync - Pommerencke: The priceless security of the synagogue in Röbel. In: Already abandoned and yet received. Series of publications by the German National Committee for Monument Protection, Bonn 1998, Volume 58, pp. 21-22.
Web links
- Literature about the synagogue (Röbel) in the state bibliography MV
- Engelscher Hof. Retrieved May 4, 2015 . Youth Education Center Old Synagogue Röbel
Individual evidence
- ↑ Ewa Prync-Pommerencke: The priceless security of the synagogue in Röbel. DND 1998, Volume 58, p. 21.
Coordinates: 53 ° 22 ′ 35 " N , 12 ° 36 ′ 31.5" E