Synagogue (Nordhausen)
The Nordhausen synagogue was on the horse market. It was built from 1843 to 1845 and destroyed in 1938.
history
There was already a Jewish community in Nordhausen in the Middle Ages . In 1290 Jews were first mentioned in Nordhausen. A first synagogue was already in Hütergasse around 1300. After the synagogue was looted around 1324, the community moved to Jüdenstrasse, which is how it got its name. During the persecution of the Jews during the plague , the synagogue was probably looted again. The synagogue on Jüdenstrasse was referred to in 1421 as the "Judenschule". In 1813 the Jewish community in Nordhausen was re-established and a prayer room was set up in Ritterstrasse No. 4. In 1839 the community finally received permission from the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm III. to build a synagogue. This was built from 1843 to 1845 on the horse market (house number 10). The inauguration took place on September 12, 1845 by Levi Herzfeld , the Brunswick regional rabbi from Ellrich . The inauguration sermon entitled “The Religious Reform” was printed. An extensive renovation of the synagogue was carried out in 1888, the re-consecration took place on August 17, 1888.
destruction
The synagogue was destroyed in the November pogroms in 1938 . It was broken into, members of the Nazi Fliegerkorps distributed fire accelerators in the interior and set the building on fire. The parish hall was also broken into, Cantor Kurt Singer and his father were woken up. After the meetinghouse was searched, the books in the community library were thrown into the flames. Cantor Singer was pushed into the burning synagogue and the doors locked, but after he had almost suffocated, he was able to leave the building half an hour later.
rabbi
- 1856–1875: Samuel Auerbach
- 1875–1883: David Leimdörfer
- 1883–1889: Siegmund Gelbhaus
- 1889–1908: Philipp Schönberger († December 19, 1908)
- 1909–1925: Alfred Levy
- 1927: Gustav Pfingst
- 1933: Heinrich Lemle
Memorial stone
A memorial stone was erected in 1998 at the horse market on the corner of Hagen and Wolfstrasse. It bears the inscription: "Not far from this point stood the synagogue of the Nordhausen Jewish community, consecrated in 1845, destroyed under fascist rule in the pogrom night on November 9, 1938. Never forget it!"
See also
- List of synagogues destroyed in the German Reich from 1933 to 1945
- Jewish cemetery (Nordhausen)
- List of synagogues in Thuringia
Web links
literature
- Manfred Schröter: The persecution of the Nordhausen Jews 1933–1945 , Bad Lauterberg / Harz 1992.
- Heinrich Stern: History of the Jews in Nordhausen , Nordhausen 1927. ( Online )
- Marie-Luis Zahradnik: From the imperial city protection Jew to the Prussian citizen of the Jewish faith. Chances and limits of the integration of the Nordhausen Jews in the 19th century (= series of the Friedrich Christian Lesser Foundation , vol. 37), Nordhausen 2018, pp. 140–152.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Marie-Luis Zahradnik: "The religious reform" of the Brunswick regional rabbi Dr. Levi Herzfeld - The sermon for the inauguration of the synagogue in Nordhausen in 1845 , In: Nordhäuser Nachrichten. Südharzer Heimatblätter published by the Nordhausen city archive , 2.3 / 2015
Coordinates: 51 ° 30 '12.9 " N , 10 ° 47' 36.9" E