Charlottenburg synagogue

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Charlottenburg synagogue
Front view of the synagogue [1]

Front view of the synagogue

Data
place Berlin-Charlottenburg
builder S. while
Client Jewish religious community in Charlottenburg
Architectural style Neo-romance
Construction year 1889-1890
demolition 1957
Coordinates 52 ° 30 '59 "  N , 13 ° 18' 19"  E Coordinates: 52 ° 30 '59 "  N , 13 ° 18' 19"  E
The synagogue in longitudinal section, building documents from January 31, 1889
Ground floor plan with the dimensions of the gallery (1st floor) in blue
Memorial plaque in Behaimstrasse  11

The Charlottenburg Synagogue (also: Synagoge Schulstrasse 7 ) was the first synagogue in Charlottenburg . The synagogue, inaugurated in 1890, was located in today's Behaimstrasse 11. It was demolished during the November pogroms in 1938 , further damaged by bombs during World War II and demolished in 1957. A plaque attached in 1994 commemorates the oldest synagogue in Charlottenburg .

history

The Charlottenburg chronicler Wilhelm Gundlach wrote in his history of the city of Charlottenburg in 1905 :

“The Jews, represented in the city by several sizable families in the time of Friedrich Wilhelm II , disappeared into two families between 1812 and 1819 and were not so numerous until 1877 that they would have formed their own community: they kept themselves in worship Relationship with her fellow believers in Berlin. "

In 1871 there were 142 Jews in Charlottenburg and in 1875 the "Jewish Religious Community Charlottenburg" was founded, which legally belonged to the Jewish Community of Berlin . At that time the services took place in a room set up as a prayer room in the restaurant “Türkisches Zelt” ( Berliner Straße 53 , later: Otto-Suhr-Allee 54).

In 1889, the community member Hermann Hirsch had the house that belonged to him on the Schulstrasse 7 property demolished and made the property available to the community for the construction of a synagogue. This began in the same year under the direction of the master builder S. Weile and on March 30, 1890 the building was inaugurated. The synagogue had 280 seats, 140 for men and 140 for women.

The construction and maintenance of the synagogue was subsidized by the Berlin Jewish Community, and in 1937 it paid 3,900  marks (adjusted for purchasing power in today's currency: around 17,000 euros) for support. In 1937 the Charlottenburg congregation was taken over by the Berlin congregation, and in 1941 the synagogue was expropriated due to the Reich Citizenship Act . It was demolished during the November pogroms in 1938 and suffered further serious damage from bombs in 1943. The ruin was torn down in 1957 and new buildings were built on the vacated property.

From 1913 to 1935, Dr. Lewin-Salomon (1861–1945) here rabbi . He and his family managed to emigrate to Palestine , where he died at the age of 74. The oldest synagogue in Charlottenburg was known for its liberal rite.

architecture

The raw brick building, erected on a simple rectangular floor plan in the street, showed in its exterior echoes of Romanesque forms. The street front was dominated by a central portal with a large wheeled window above and a round arch . There were small wheeled windows above the side entrances leading to the stairwells. The gable , pierced by arched windows, was rounded off by an aedicule with a crowning Star of David . The building had a basement, a first floor, a gallery and an attic.

literature

  • Wilhelm Gundlach: History of the city of Charlottenburg . Ed .: Magistrate of the City of Charlottenburg. Julius Springer, Berlin 1905.
  • Rudolf Bothe (editor): Synagogues in Berlin (Part 2) . On the history of a destroyed architecture. Ed .: Berlin Museum. Willmuth Arenhövel, Berlin 1983, ISBN 3-922912-04-4 , pp. 22-23 .

Web links

Commons : Synagoge Charlottenburg  - collection of images

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Building plans from January 31, 1898 in the Berlin State Archives under F Rep. 270, No. 3979
  2. ^ Luise Berlin.de: Turkish tent - lawless society. Retrieved July 16, 2017 .
  3. ^ Luise Berlin.de: Charlottenburg Synagogue. Retrieved July 16, 2017 .