System sprinkler

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System sprinklers are called clients of education and psychiatry who do not seem to integrate into the help system. They often change the help and the place of help, sometimes causing great damage and keeping the professionals involved “in suspense” beyond measure. System sprinklers are people who, due to their particular behavioral problems, can only be integrated with difficulty in child and youth welfare measures or in support for the disabled . They are a major social problem. As a result, they are either passed from establishment to establishment or they withdraw entirely, fall off the social network, become homeless or delinquent .

definition

The term "system sprinkler" is not clearly defined as a technical term and is controversial. It reflects the helplessness of institutions, especially youth welfare, schools, psychiatry, disabled people and the judiciary. Other terms such as “the most difficult” or “high-risk clientele” are attempts to sum up a complex problem in one word, with undetermined content.

Menno Baumann, professor of intensive pedagogy at the Fliedner University of Applied Sciences in Düsseldorf , argues that the term "system sprinkler" can be used if it is clearly stated that it is not a personality trait, but a complex problem of the social systems.

With this in mind, Baumann proposes the following definition:

"High-risk clientele who find themselves in a negative spiral of interaction with the help system, educational institutions and society, which is characterized by breaks, and who actively help to shape this through behavior that is perceived as difficult."

- Menno Baumann (2014)

Personal approach

Especially people who grew up in nursing homes or who were otherwise affected by deprivation , hospitalism or experiences of violence in their childhood are at risk of becoming systemic wreckers later . It is estimated that five percent of all residents of inpatient facilities are system sprinklers . When it comes to clinical pictures, disorders of the schizophrenic type and personality disorders come first , each with around 40 percent.

System sprinklers are often characterized by

  • a critical special position among those cared for due to severe behavioral problems,
  • Disrupting work in groups and uncooperative behavior,
  • Breaking the framework,
  • over-random change of facilities as well as by
  • frequent inpatient treatments.

Contextual approach

Findings from research show that system sprinklers are a heterogeneous group of people. A contextual approach assumes that due to an individual and complex need for help, they do not benefit in the intended way from the existing care systems and are therefore at risk of being housed closed or otherwise falling out of the care system. In German-language research, the focus has therefore shifted from personal to contextual and structural factors. According to this, system sprinklers arise from methodical, structural and ethical excessive demands on the help system. Baumann also particularly points out that it is the dynamics of the help system, the health system and the school system, and the way in which these systems interact with one another, that mean that help cannot be tailored to the addressee, but rather formal intrinsic logics of the follow the respective institutions and legal forms into which not every young person fits. In this respect, Baumann, following “being a system sprinkler”, is also a competence to reveal unreflected stereotypes of the structure of education and psychiatry. The energy with which these people hold up a mirror to us is considered more important than the individual problem of the supposed interferers. In the contextual approach, the power of definition of the help systems towards their clients remains an essential part of the “system sprinkler” phenomenon that needs to be reflected.

Perspectives

In recent years there have been repeated efforts to install so-called “custom-fit aids”. For children and adolescents who have had a lot of drop-out experiences, very differentiated forms of help are now available, ranging from low-threshold care offers to coercive measures. In youth welfare are z. B. The following forms of care are available:

  • Individual educational measures (at home and abroad)
  • Intensive groups (with a high level of supervision and a small number of places)
  • Closed accommodation
  • Care in the institution's own living space
  • Therapeutic residential groups
  • Street work and emergency sleeping places
  • Highly individualized special services in a case group

The individual forms of care differ not only in their structure, but also in terms of content. Often it is not the external framing that decides whether the help is appropriate, but whether it is possible to get in contact with those affected in terms of content and on the level of attachment. Evaluation studies have shown in recent years that these forms of help are quite capable of achieving clearly positive effects. But in all of these aids there are also interruptions and further experiences of failure, which then intensify the dynamic of failure.

According to Baumann, the greatest need for research in the next few years is on the one hand in the area of ​​understanding pedagogical diagnostics in order to individually approach the dynamics of failing help processes. On the other hand, it should be possible for pedagogical specialists to be accompanied, supported and supervised in such a way that they can continue to carry out the stressful work professionally and responsibly. The pedagogical and methodological tools to work with system sprinklers are undoubtedly available in youth welfare and psychiatry.

literature

  • Menno Baumann: Children who blow up systems. When young people and educational assistance fail at each other . 2nd Edition. tape 1 . Schneider Hohengehren, Baltmannsweiler 2012, ISBN 978-3-8340-1074-2 .
  • Menno Baumann, Tijs Bolz, Viviane Albers: “System sprinklers” in school. React to massively disruptive behavior by students . Julius Beltz Verlag, Weinheim 2017, ISBN 978-3-407-29523-1 , urn : nbn: de: 101: 1-2017120543728 .
  • Tijs Bolz, Viviane Albers, Menno Baumann: Professional relationship management when working with "system sprinklers" . In: our youth . tape 71 , no. 7 + 8 , 2019, pp. 297-304 , doi : 10.2378 / uj2019.art49d .
  • Karsten Giertz, Thomas Gervink: “Systemsprenger” or rather patients with an individual and complex need for help? In: Psychotherapy Forum . tape 22 , no. 4 , December 2017, p. 105-112 , doi : 10.1007 / s00729-017-0104-0 .
  • Birgit Herz (ed.): Learning for cross-border commuters. Education for young people in the street scene (=  studies on youth welfare . Volume 3 ). Waxmann, Münster, New York, Munich, Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-8309-1615-9 , pp. 115 ff .

Movie

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Menno Baumann: Children who blow up systems? The dynamic of failing help processes and (disruptive) behavior . In: our youth . tape 70 , no. 1 , December 21, 2017, ISSN  0342-5258 , p. 2 , doi : 10.2378 / uj2018.art02d ( reinhardt-journals.de [accessed on February 14, 2019]).
  2. ↑ a b M. Baumann: Youngsters system sprinkler - between youth welfare and justice (and psychiatry). In: Journal for juvenile criminal law and youth welfare . tape 25 , no. 2/2014 , 2014, ISSN  1612-1864 , p. 162-167 .
  3. ↑ a b Harald J. Freyberger et al .: On the edge of social-psychiatric care structures - an investigation into the "system sprinkler problem" in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania . In: Advances in Neurology · Psychiatry . tape 106 , no. February 13 , 2008, p. 106-113 , doi : 10.1055 / s-2007-996172 .
  4. ↑ Karsten Giertz, Thomas Gervink: “Systemsprenger” or rather patients with an individual and complex need for help? In: Psychotherapy Forum . tape 22 , no. 4 , December 2017, p. 105-112 , doi : 10.1007 / s00729-017-0104-0 .
  5. ↑ a b Baumann, M. (i.Vorb.) .: Children who break systems, volume 2 - impulses, access routes and helpful setting conditions for schools and youth welfare. Scheider Verlag Hohengehrden, Baltmannsweiler.
  6. ↑ New impulses in intensive education . In: M. Baumann (Hrsg.): Theory and practice of youth welfare . tape 11 . EREV: SchöneWorth Verlag, Hannover 2015.